{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214218934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","title":"Beyond the Kd Gate: Establishing Signal Causality in Electrochemical Aptasensors","display_name":"Beyond the Kd Gate: Establishing Signal Causality in Electrochemical Aptasensors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214218934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025567491","display_name":"Sergey N. Krylov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-2130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-2130","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6750-085X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey N. Krylov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-2130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024149606","display_name":"Philippe Dauphin\u2010Ducharme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1K 2R1"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1K 2R1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090996665","display_name":"Paulo R. Bueno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2827-0208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2827-0208"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155088","display_name":"Institute of Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/048y1rc66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR","CN","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Roberto Bueno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultade de Ciencias","Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Mathematics","S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP","Universidade da Coru\u00f1a"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultade de Ciencias","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Mathematics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076049801","display_name":"Elena E. Ferapontova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1177-3204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1177-3204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Ferapontova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark, DK-8000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, Denmark, DK-8000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064626487","display_name":"Ilaria Palchetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9366-0574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9366-0574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilaria Palchetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Florence, Italy, 50019"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Florence, Italy, 50019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-aptasensor","display_name":"electrochemical aptasensor","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aptamer-target-binding","display_name":"aptamer-target binding","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aminoglycosides","display_name":"aminoglycosides","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doxorubicin","display_name":"doxorubicin","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.48350000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179303850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4300362","display_name":"Molecular recognition","level":3,"score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128972844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418722","display_name":"Aptamer","level":2,"score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15152581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833966","display_name":"Transduction (biophysics)","level":2,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21951064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212","display_name":"Combinatorial chemistry","level":1,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24107716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123619","display_name":"Nucleic acid","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10390740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2282401","display_name":"Analyte","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2107291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14886885","display_name":"Mediator","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009418/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319918","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214218934.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214218934.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022174315","https://openalex.org/W1974790555","https://openalex.org/W7161302278","https://openalex.org/W7100209209","https://openalex.org/W2936467096","https://openalex.org/W4245781374","https://openalex.org/W1979854266","https://openalex.org/W2196024485","https://openalex.org/W2045260427","https://openalex.org/W3118752881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrochemical":[0],"aptasensors":[1],"combine":[2],"aptamer-based":[3],"molecular":[4],"recognition":[5,86,89,106,119,179,193],"with":[6,13,190],"electrochemical":[7,92,187],"transduction,":[8],"but":[9],"a":[10,96,121],"signal":[11,181],"correlated":[12],"nominal":[14],"target":[15],"concentration":[16],"alone":[17],"does":[18,78],"not":[19,79],"establish":[20,111,127],"aptamer\u2013target":[21,49],"binding.":[22],"Target":[23],"addition":[24],"or":[25,33,45,87,159],"matrix":[26],"exposure":[27],"may":[28],"alter":[29],"solution":[30,70],"composition,":[31],"reporter":[32,172],"mediator":[34],"chemistry,":[35],"nucleic":[36],"acid":[37],"behavior,":[38],"surface":[39,46,109],"organization,":[40],"electron-transfer":[41],"kinetics,":[42],"interfacial":[43],"integrity,":[44],"fouling":[47],"without":[48],"complex":[50],"formation.":[51],"The":[52,183],"Kd":[53,102],"gate":[54,103],"addresses":[55],"this":[56],"upstream":[57],"problem":[58],"by":[59],"requiring":[60],"auditable,":[61],"construct-matched":[62],"verification":[63],"of":[64,178],"aptamertarget":[65],"binding":[66],"in":[67,99],"homogeneous,":[68],"non-denaturing":[69],"under":[71],"sensing-relevant":[72],"conditions.":[73],"Passing":[74],"the":[75,91,101,105],"gate,":[76],"however,":[77],"show":[80],"that":[81,88,129],"an":[82],"immobilized":[83],"construct":[84],"retains":[85],"causes":[90],"response.":[93],"We":[94],"propose":[95],"sequential":[97],"framework":[98,184],"which":[100],"qualifies":[104],"reagent,":[107],"controlled":[108],"measurements":[110,115],"retained":[112,118],"recognition,":[113],"transduction":[114],"determine":[116],"whether":[117,128],"generates":[120],"measurable":[122],"response,":[123],"and":[124,141,152,161,164,174,180,194],"signalcausality":[125],"controls":[126,147],"response":[130,150],"depends":[131],"on":[132],"recognition.":[133],"It":[134,145],"distinguishes":[135],"solutionphase":[136],"Kd,sol,":[137],"surface-associated":[138],"apparent":[139],"Kd,app,":[140],"device-response":[142],"midpoint":[143],"C50.":[144],"links":[146],"to":[148],"alternative":[149],"pathways":[151],"separates":[153],"claim":[154],"classes:":[155],"target-correlated,":[156],"recognition-linked,":[157],"mechanistic":[158],"thermodynamic,":[160],"intended-use.":[162],"Aminoglycoside":[163],"doxorubicin":[165],"lineages":[166],"illustrate":[167],"why":[168],"sequence":[169],"conversion,":[170],"truncation,":[171],"conjugation,":[173],"immobilization":[175],"require":[176],"reassessment":[177],"attribution.":[182],"should":[185],"guide":[186],"aptasensor":[188],"development":[189],"independently":[191],"supported":[192],"intended-use":[195],"performance":[196],"claims.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00"}