{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214216271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10110111","title":"Comparing Vision\u2013Language Models in Psychological Drawing Analysis","display_name":"Comparing Vision\u2013Language Models in Psychological Drawing Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214216271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10110111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti10110111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10110111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10110111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10110111","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054244500","display_name":"Yenok Hakobyan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yenok Hakobyan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-1826","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118829754","display_name":"Arman Babayan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arman Babayan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138266247","display_name":"Hrant Avanesyan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hrant Avanesyan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5987-7830","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082227362","display_name":"Hrach\u02bfya Hovhannisyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-8854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-8854"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hrachya Hovhannisyan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9179-586X","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040166551","display_name":"Ruben Gevorgyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3686-9053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3686-9053"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Gevorgyan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040166551","https://openalex.org/A5054244500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71593039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"111","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.021400000900030136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision-language-models","display_name":"vision-language models","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-drawings","display_name":"children's drawings","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-assessment","display_name":"automated assessment","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-comparison","display_name":"model comparison","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation-bias","display_name":"interpretation bias","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-tone","display_name":"emotional tone","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projective-techniques","display_name":"projective techniques","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-interpretation","display_name":"clinical interpretation","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.5149999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.6815000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6488999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.613099992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5504000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5439000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983864324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16872183","display_name":"Line drawings","level":2,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910200283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychological Theory","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti10110111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10110111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10110111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202609.2177.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202609.2177.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202609.2177.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti10110111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10110111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10110111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W647070940","https://openalex.org/W1788411886","https://openalex.org/W1995598232","https://openalex.org/W2002830978","https://openalex.org/W2084007633","https://openalex.org/W2084904387","https://openalex.org/W2086540188","https://openalex.org/W2099813784","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W3035663944","https://openalex.org/W3130295820","https://openalex.org/W3166791263","https://openalex.org/W4399489737","https://openalex.org/W7166313647","https://openalex.org/W7203951045","https://openalex.org/W7213294911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7129102626","https://openalex.org/W7171161719","https://openalex.org/W7155983901","https://openalex.org/W7125782878","https://openalex.org/W4410447739","https://openalex.org/W4416949828","https://openalex.org/W7163329045","https://openalex.org/W4413119559","https://openalex.org/W7214626621","https://openalex.org/W7212077427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Children\u2019s":[0],"drawings":[1,47],"are":[2],"used":[3],"in":[4,84,113,128,171,178],"clinical":[5],"and":[6,65,72,92,148,164],"developmental":[7],"assessment,":[8],"yet":[9],"their":[10],"interpretation":[11],"remains":[12],"subjective.":[13],"The":[14,76,117,151],"emergence":[15],"of":[16,157,168],"vision\u2013language":[17],"models":[18,26],"(VLMs)":[19],"raises":[20],"a":[21,49,130,142,154,161],"central":[22],"question:":[23],"do":[24],"different":[25,107],"produce":[27],"similar":[28,80,102],"psychological":[29,87,131],"narratives":[30],"when":[31],"presented":[32],"with":[33,125,138],"the":[34,55,97,114],"same":[35,98],"drawing?":[36],"To":[37],"investigate":[38],"this,":[39],"we":[40],"evaluated":[41],"five":[42],"VLMs":[43],"interpreting":[44],"315":[45],"children\u2019s":[46,179],"under":[48,160],"shared":[50],"projective-psychology":[51],"instruction.":[52],"We":[53],"compared":[54],"models\u2019":[56],"outputs":[57],"across":[58,106],"emotional":[59],"wording,":[60],"lexical":[61,93,149],"content,":[62],"linguistic":[63],"style,":[64],"semantic":[66,121],"similarity":[67,111],"using":[68],"drawing-adjusted":[69],"mixed-effects":[70],"comparisons":[71],"drawing-level":[73],"bootstrap":[74],"intervals.":[75],"systems":[77],"produced":[78],"semantically":[79],"accounts":[81],"but":[82],"differed":[83],"textual":[85],"polarity,":[86],"vocabulary,":[88],"readability,":[89],"sentence":[90],"length,":[91],"diversity.":[94],"Responses":[95],"to":[96],"drawing":[99],"were":[100],"more":[101],"than":[103],"responses":[104],"paired":[105],"drawings,":[108],"although":[109],"substantial":[110],"remained":[112],"mismatched":[115],"comparison.":[116],"results":[118],"show":[119],"that":[120],"proximity":[122],"can":[123],"coexist":[124],"systematic":[126],"differences":[127],"how":[129],"narrative":[132],"is":[133],"expressed.":[134],"An":[135],"exploratory":[136],"comparison":[137],"clinician":[139],"interpretations":[140],"provided":[141],"professional":[143],"reference":[144],"for":[145],"thematic,":[146],"emotional,":[147],"correspondence.":[150],"study":[152],"contributes":[153],"comparative":[155],"account":[156],"VLM-generated":[158],"language":[159,180],"common":[162],"protocol":[163],"motivates":[165],"further":[166],"evaluation":[167],"its":[169],"use":[170],"psychologically":[172],"sensitive":[173],"settings,":[174],"including":[175],"drawing-based":[176],"dialogue":[177],"education.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00"}