{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214207351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752639","title":"Cholinergic activation of HLH-30/TFEB promotes C. elegans infection resilience","display_name":"Cholinergic activation of HLH-30/TFEB promotes C. elegans infection resilience","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214207351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752639","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42818098","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13622048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.752639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752639","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.18.752639.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.18.752639.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068631818","display_name":"Swarupa Mallick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7996-7825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7996-7825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166722992","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/0464eyp60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swarupa Mallick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152627111","display_name":"Xavier Gonzalez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166722992","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/0464eyp60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102771671","display_name":"Khursheed A. Wani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6644-7476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6644-7476"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166722992","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/0464eyp60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khursheed A. Wani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075018516","display_name":"Sid Ahmed Labed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-1998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-1998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166722992","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/0464eyp60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sid A. Labed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-1998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071048533","display_name":"Javier E. Irazoqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6553-1329","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6553-1329"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166722992","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/0464eyp60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javier E. Irazoqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6553-1329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071048533"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166722992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11403","display_name":"Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11403","display_name":"Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.046300001442432404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10676","display_name":"Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1302","display_name":"Aging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caenorhabditis-elegans","display_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus-infection","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus infection","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscarinic-receptors","display_name":"muscarinic receptors","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholine-release","display_name":"acetylcholine release","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/g-protein-coupled-receptor-signaling","display_name":"G protein-coupled receptor signaling","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phospholipase-c","display_name":"phospholipase C","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-kinase-d","display_name":"protein kinase D","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-host-defense","display_name":"innate host defense","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-epithelium","display_name":"intestinal epithelium","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33789571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410959","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor","level":3,"score":0.823199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779600325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6940221","display_name":"Muscarinic agonist","level":4,"score":0.5964999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775910092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180623","display_name":"Acetylcholine","level":2,"score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5651000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22885893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862743","display_name":"Cholinergic","level":2,"score":0.5631999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5450999736785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64123433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17861965","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4","level":4,"score":0.5321000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778938600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389934","display_name":"Agonist","level":3,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207723603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17861926","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1","level":4,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119056186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431332","display_name":"Gene silencing","level":3,"score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778824757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676896","display_name":"Oxotremorine","level":4,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47488739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17861931","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2","level":4,"score":0.4207000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64615621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15333405","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5","level":5,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116289061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17861955","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3","level":4,"score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778944004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91703","display_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","level":3,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132647116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18032677","display_name":"TFEB","level":4,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776723954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001265","display_name":"Muscarinic antagonist","level":4,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1629964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106950729","display_name":"CREB","level":4,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80161118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408520","display_name":"Acetylcholine receptor","level":3,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188987157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7030581","display_name":"Nicotinic agonist","level":3,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165864922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411391","display_name":"Regulation of gene expression","level":3,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775859210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26272","display_name":"Atropine","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065","display_name":"Pathogen","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778988552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419401","display_name":"Carbachol","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.752639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752639","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.18.752639.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:42818098","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42818098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13622048","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13622048/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.752639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752639","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.18.752639.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000865705","display_name":"Caenorhabditis Genetics Center","funder_award_id":"P40OD010440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214207351.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214207351.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967702267","https://openalex.org/W1969702355","https://openalex.org/W1972943894","https://openalex.org/W1975200363","https://openalex.org/W1975676315","https://openalex.org/W2013525001","https://openalex.org/W2022685309","https://openalex.org/W2023939748","https://openalex.org/W2043931994","https://openalex.org/W2062882257","https://openalex.org/W2063838707","https://openalex.org/W2063920469","https://openalex.org/W2067520027","https://openalex.org/W2069368135","https://openalex.org/W2073295417","https://openalex.org/W2073841074","https://openalex.org/W2077499130","https://openalex.org/W2078184757","https://openalex.org/W2085034589","https://openalex.org/W2086170256","https://openalex.org/W2089682070","https://openalex.org/W2100365580","https://openalex.org/W2100925647","https://openalex.org/W2104818214","https://openalex.org/W2111622691","https://openalex.org/W2142017285","https://openalex.org/W2151471545","https://openalex.org/W2153188271","https://openalex.org/W2157961462","https://openalex.org/W2162232168","https://openalex.org/W2167279371","https://openalex.org/W2373301705","https://openalex.org/W2387356591","https://openalex.org/W2472872713","https://openalex.org/W2804617840","https://openalex.org/W2900253406","https://openalex.org/W3040973545","https://openalex.org/W3085774150","https://openalex.org/W3096562070","https://openalex.org/W3111630563","https://openalex.org/W3130855013","https://openalex.org/W3146706804","https://openalex.org/W4200540434","https://openalex.org/W4210603076","https://openalex.org/W4285740368","https://openalex.org/W4313298540","https://openalex.org/W4389996595","https://openalex.org/W4391247952","https://openalex.org/W4392962397","https://openalex.org/W4399437957","https://openalex.org/W4410809440","https://openalex.org/W4413449430","https://openalex.org/W7213300893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411881618","https://openalex.org/W1978675824","https://openalex.org/W3126280190","https://openalex.org/W2067520027","https://openalex.org/W4320495769","https://openalex.org/W2014663646","https://openalex.org/W6903817849","https://openalex.org/W6993189453","https://openalex.org/W3096562070","https://openalex.org/W4319433432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Innate":[1],"host":[2,49],"defense":[3],"depends":[4],"on":[5,112,347,366,436],"transcriptional":[6],"programs,":[7],"which":[8,51,259,326],"support":[9],"survival":[10,191],"through":[11,241,274],"two":[12,122,292],"strategies":[13],"that":[14,58,91,109,145,222,375,429],"can":[15,298,304,466],"vary":[16],"independently.":[17],"Resistance":[18],"lowers":[19,146],"pathogen":[20,161,196],"burden,":[21,197],"while":[22,160,310],"resilience":[23],"limits":[24],"the":[25,39,48,89,93,212,226,231,246,267,300,306,317,321,332,350,378,382,395,401,411,424,431,456,483],"damage":[26],"a":[27,141,177,256,390,471],"given":[28],"burden":[29,162],"causes.":[30],"In":[31,165,229],"Caenorhabditis":[32,323],"elegans":[33,324],"infected":[34,81],"with":[35,82,329,438],"Staphylococcus":[36,359],"aureus":[37,86,360],",":[38,204,206,325],"highly":[40],"conserved":[41,250],"transcription":[42],"factor":[43],"HLH-30/TFEB":[44,64,101,136,152,280],"drives":[45,92,261],"most":[46,348],"of":[47,143,156,192,331,349,377],"response,":[50],"mediates":[52],"infection":[53,103,193,260,283,290,357,369,446,475],"resilience.":[54,284],"We":[55,315,373],"previously":[56],"showed":[57],"EGL-30/G\u03b1q,":[59,94,275],"PLC-1/PLC\u03b5,":[60,95,276],"and":[61,71,96,120,154,238,277,281,302,404,420,441,455],"DKF-1/PRKD":[62,97,278],"activate":[63,100,174,279],"during":[65,102,367],"infection.":[66,139],"The":[67,187,452],"same":[68,227,333,432,453,457],"phospholipase":[69],"C":[70],"protein":[72,338,458],"kinase":[73],"D":[74],"step":[75],"activates":[76],"TFEB":[77,239,343],"in":[78,125,176,182,198,258,291,320,344,410,461,482],"mouse":[79],"macrophages":[80],"Salmonella":[83],"or":[84,207],"S.":[85],".":[87,361],"However,":[88],"input":[90],"module":[98],"to":[99,173,263,355,413,469,480],"remained":[104,163],"unknown.":[105],"Here":[106],"we":[107,254],"report":[108],"acetylcholine,":[110,389],"acting":[111,273],"muscarinic":[113,123,131,168,178,247,271],"receptors,":[114,243],"is":[115,249,312,476],"one":[116,376],"such":[117],"input.":[118],"Atropine":[119],"scopolamine,":[121],"antagonists":[124],"clinical":[126],"use,":[127],"as":[128,130,215,342],"well":[129],"receptor":[132],"gene":[133],"silencing":[134],"blunted":[135],"activation":[137,153,210,218],"by":[138,211,219,358],"Moreover,":[140],"mutation":[142],"unc-17/SLC18A3":[144],"acetylcholine":[147,237,265],"release":[148,264,388],"from":[149,381],"neurons":[150,262,387],"impaired":[151],"induction":[155],"its":[157],"target":[158],"genes,":[159],"high.":[164],"uninfected":[166],"animals,":[167],"agonist":[169,188,213],"arecoline":[170],"was":[171],"sufficient":[172],"HLH-30/TFEB,":[175],"receptor-dependent":[179],"manner.":[180,201],"Nicotine,":[181],"contrast,":[183],"had":[184],"no":[185,439],"effect.":[186],"also":[189],"lengthened":[190],"without":[194,447],"lowering":[195],"an":[199,289,368,474,477],"HLH-30/TFEB-dependent":[200],"Silencing":[202],"egl-30/GNAQ":[203],"plc-1/PLCE1":[205],"dkf-1/PRKD1-3":[208],"cut":[209,217],"just":[214],"it":[216,308,311,442],"infection,":[220,386,440],"showing":[221],"both":[223],"stimuli":[224],"require":[225],"module.":[228],"mammals":[230],"link":[232],"documented":[233],"so":[234,244,421],"far":[235],"between":[236],"runs":[240],"nicotinic":[242],"whether":[245],"route":[248],"remains":[251],"open.":[252],"Thus,":[253],"favor":[255],"model":[257],"onto":[266],"intestinal":[268],"epithelium,":[269],"where":[270,398],"receptors":[272,399,416,425,433,454],"strengthen":[282],"Author":[285],"Summary":[286],"Animals":[287],"survive":[288,445],"ways,":[293],"often":[294],"at":[295],"once.":[296],"They":[297],"kill":[299],"microbe,":[301],"they":[303],"limit":[305],"harm":[307],"does":[309,422],"still":[313],"there.":[314],"study":[316],"second":[318],"mechanism":[319],"roundworm":[322],"fights":[327],"bacteria":[328],"many":[330],"genes":[334,351],"people":[335],"do.":[336],"A":[337,427],"called":[339],"HLH-30,":[340],"known":[341],"humans,":[345],"switches":[346,434],"this":[352,464],"animal":[353],"needs":[354],"withstand":[356],"Which":[362],"signals":[363,379],"switch":[364,405],"HLH-30":[365,406,418,435],"has":[370],"been":[371],"unclear.":[372],"found":[374],"comes":[380],"nervous":[383],"system.":[384],"During":[385],"common":[391],"neurotransmitter.":[392],"Acetylcholine":[393],"reaches":[394],"gut":[396],"lining,":[397],"pass":[400],"message":[402],"inward":[403],"on.":[407],"Drugs":[408],"used":[409],"clinic":[412],"block":[414],"those":[415],"keep":[417],"off,":[419],"removing":[423],"themselves.":[426],"drug":[428],"stimulates":[430],"even":[437],"helps":[443],"animals":[444],"killing":[448],"any":[449],"more":[450],"bacteria.":[451],"are":[459],"present":[460],"people.":[462],"Whether":[463],"signal":[465],"be":[467],"tuned":[468],"help":[470],"patient":[472],"tolerate":[473],"important":[478],"question":[479],"research":[481],"future.":[484]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00"}
