{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214200281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752702","title":"Unique pattern of injuries in Olenoides serratus from the Burgess Shale elucidate moulting process in trilobites","display_name":"Unique pattern of injuries in Olenoides serratus from the Burgess Shale elucidate moulting process in trilobites","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214200281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.752702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752702","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.18.752702.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.18.752702.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010863719","display_name":"Sarah R. Losso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-1045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-1045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarah R. Losso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-1045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013699362","display_name":"Russell D. C. Bicknell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-9035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-9035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338124936","display_name":"American Museum of Natural History","ror":"https://ror.org/03thb3e06","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338124936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell D. C. Bicknell","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia","Division of Paleontology (Invertebrates), American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-9035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Paleontology (Invertebrates), American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1338124936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010863719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10955","display_name":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","score":0.625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10955","display_name":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","score":0.625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10109","display_name":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","score":0.35010001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trilobites","display_name":"trilobites","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molting","display_name":"molting","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genal-spines","display_name":"genal spines","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exuviae","display_name":"exuviae","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cambrian","display_name":"Cambrian","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burgess-shale","display_name":"Burgess Shale","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euarthropods","display_name":"euarthropods","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecdysozoa","display_name":"Ecdysozoa","score":0.7900000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41905685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381084","display_name":"Moulting","level":3,"score":0.9524000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6651999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392570","display_name":"SPINE (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.5843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193472","display_name":"Trunk","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1516282","display_name":"Juvenile","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548578009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44595","display_name":"Cannibalism","level":3,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.752702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752702","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.18.752702.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.752702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.752702","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.18.752702.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214200281.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214200281.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1888564401","https://openalex.org/W1969179744","https://openalex.org/W1983366655","https://openalex.org/W1996331300","https://openalex.org/W2023527297","https://openalex.org/W2049199296","https://openalex.org/W2080710092","https://openalex.org/W2092555112","https://openalex.org/W2095336410","https://openalex.org/W2128462329","https://openalex.org/W2148377177","https://openalex.org/W2323094033","https://openalex.org/W2495671146","https://openalex.org/W2569988388","https://openalex.org/W2761273897","https://openalex.org/W2772411602","https://openalex.org/W2901709739","https://openalex.org/W2929003825","https://openalex.org/W2944984488","https://openalex.org/W3003993248","https://openalex.org/W4205545027","https://openalex.org/W4211103121","https://openalex.org/W4211238603","https://openalex.org/W4255165847","https://openalex.org/W4285136152","https://openalex.org/W4308329075","https://openalex.org/W4319601513","https://openalex.org/W4379161081","https://openalex.org/W4385628855","https://openalex.org/W4387095447","https://openalex.org/W4389622937","https://openalex.org/W4391363039","https://openalex.org/W4398145130","https://openalex.org/W4400079255","https://openalex.org/W4400843951","https://openalex.org/W4402424986","https://openalex.org/W4403755996","https://openalex.org/W4410162159","https://openalex.org/W4410797053","https://openalex.org/W4412877897","https://openalex.org/W7128505523","https://openalex.org/W7130424914","https://openalex.org/W7166587252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2977598467","https://openalex.org/W3148936872","https://openalex.org/W2954334174","https://openalex.org/W4385628776","https://openalex.org/W4211238603","https://openalex.org/W2244977316","https://openalex.org/W7117253685","https://openalex.org/W4410162159","https://openalex.org/W4226268410","https://openalex.org/W4387958904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Ecdysozoans":[1],"is":[2,27],"one":[3],"of":[4,11,44,47,87,101,112,120,141,193],"the":[5,17,24,41,67,71,91,121,138,145,149,157,161,163,171,177,182],"most":[6],"abundant":[7],"and":[8,13,73,96,123,147],"diverse":[9],"groups":[10],"metazoans":[12],"grow":[14],"through":[15],"moulting":[16,25,53,118,194],"rigid":[18],"exoskeleton":[19,43],"that":[20],"provided":[21],"protection.":[22],"But":[23],"process":[26,153,192],"often":[28,64],"dangerous,":[29],"resulting":[30,180,195],"in":[31,40,61,66,84,127,181,186,196,201],"malformations":[32,104,113],"or":[33],"death.":[34],"Injuries":[35,60],"have":[36,49],"been":[37,50],"well":[38],"documented":[39],"calcitic":[42],"trilobites,":[45],"some":[46],"which":[48],"attributed":[51,116],"to":[52,106,117,136,168],"complications":[54],"when":[55],"long":[56,122],"spines":[57,76,126,165,185],"are":[58,63,77],"deformed.":[59],"trilobites":[62,133],"found":[65],"trunk":[68],"rather":[69],"than":[70],"cephalon,":[72],"abnormal":[74],"genal":[75,102,125,164,184],"rarely":[78],"documented.":[79],"Here":[80],"we":[81],"examine":[82],"injuries":[83,119,197],"eleven":[85],"specimens":[86],"Olenoides":[88],"serratus":[89,129,188],"from":[90],"Burgess":[92],"Shale":[93],"(Cambrian,":[94],"Wuluian)":[95],"demonstrate":[97],"an":[98],"increased":[99],"frequency":[100],"spine":[103],"compared":[105],"other":[107,202],"trilobites.":[108],"The":[109],"unusual":[110],"pattern":[111],"may":[114,198],"be":[115,199],"delicate":[124],"O.":[128,187],".":[130,189],"To":[131,159],"moult,":[132],"curved":[134],"ventrally":[135,175],"press":[137],"anterior":[139,178],"margin":[140],"their":[142],"cephalon":[143],"into":[144],"substrate":[146],"open":[148],"facial":[150],"sutures.":[151],"This":[152],"exerted":[154],"force":[155],"on":[156],"librigenae.":[158],"exit":[160],"exuvia,":[162],"were":[166],"forced":[167],"bend":[169],"as":[170],"old":[172],"librigenae":[173],"dipped":[174],"along":[176],"edge,":[179],"injured":[183],"A":[190],"similar":[191],"seen":[200],"early":[203],"Euarthropods.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00"}