{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214200036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.27344","title":"Limits for molecular spectroscopy from quantum channel discrimination","display_name":"Limits for molecular spectroscopy from quantum channel discrimination","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214200036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.27344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.27344","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27344","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.27344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.27344","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152747829","display_name":"Anirban Dey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dey, Anirban","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science , STEM College , RMIT University , Melbourne , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science , STEM College , RMIT University , Melbourne , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049434931","display_name":"Akib Karim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-9916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-9916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karim, Akib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantum Systems, Technology , CSIRO , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Systems, Technology , CSIRO , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085700356","display_name":"Pieter Kok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6608-330X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6608-330X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kok, Pieter","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences , the University of Sheffield , S3 7RH , Sheffield , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences , the University of Sheffield , S3 7RH , Sheffield , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037632925","display_name":"Mark M. Wilde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-4462","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-4462"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilde, Mark M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14850 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14850 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101609385","display_name":"Zixin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-8691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-8691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Zixin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science , STEM College , RMIT University , Melbourne , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science , STEM College , RMIT University , Melbourne , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-absorption-spectroscopy","display_name":"molecular absorption spectroscopy","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-channel-discrimination","display_name":"quantum channel discrimination","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"quantum hypothesis testing","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-mode-squeezed-vacuum","display_name":"two-mode squeezed vacuum","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fock-states","display_name":"Fock states","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"photon counting","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-detection","display_name":"infrared detection","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/4-nitrophenol","display_name":"p-nitrophenol","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semidefinite-programming","display_name":"semidefinite programming","score":0.753000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.628600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.5885000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5029000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119824511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13553575","display_name":"Absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180214583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4439348","display_name":"Quantum limit","level":3,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114852677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899044","display_name":"Fock space","level":2,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68717125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735602","display_name":"Quantum optics","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110806042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Coherent spectroscopy","level":5,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22984246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269058","display_name":"Quantum imaging","level":5,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41999313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328","display_name":"Molecular physics","level":1,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991720660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Molecular spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153642686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70906","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778926657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum system","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178596936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844471","display_name":"Ultrashort pulse","level":3,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133279788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7804835","display_name":"Time-resolved spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.27344","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27344","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.27344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.27344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.27344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.27344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.27344","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27344","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.27344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1477371604","display_name":"FET: Small: Frontiers of Quantum Shannon Theory","funder_award_id":"2329662","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320972","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214200036.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214200036.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950067144","https://openalex.org/W4323323491","https://openalex.org/W4400163298","https://openalex.org/W7202163055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3196183416","https://openalex.org/W2094472389","https://openalex.org/W2257396197","https://openalex.org/W3175030183","https://openalex.org/W2169627371","https://openalex.org/W4303712749","https://openalex.org/W3214766914","https://openalex.org/W2148309669","https://openalex.org/W4320150315","https://openalex.org/W4409163304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Absorption":[0],"spectroscopy":[1,35,182],"identifies":[2],"molecules":[3],"by":[4],"detecting":[5],"frequency-dependent":[6],"optical":[7],"loss,":[8],"and":[9,62,71,121],"its":[10],"fundamental":[11],"limit":[12,31],"is":[13,125],"a":[14,23,54,78,91],"quantum":[15,30,45,173],"channel-discrimination":[16,174],"problem.":[17],"In":[18,133],"this":[19],"work,":[20],"we":[21,39,57],"develop":[22],"general":[24],"framework":[25,160],"for":[26,82,180],"characterizing":[27],"the":[28,88,123,136],"ultimate":[29],"of":[32,164],"molecular":[33,181],"absorption":[34,51,146],"without":[36],"collective":[37],"measurements:":[38],"formulate":[40],"it":[41],"as":[42],"an":[43,149],"asymmetric":[44],"hypothesis":[46],"testing":[47],"task":[48],"between":[49],"different":[50],"channels.":[52],"Using":[53],"semidefinite-programming":[55],"formulation,":[56],"construct":[58],"optimal":[59],"probe":[60],"states":[61],"compare":[63],"them":[64],"with":[65],"coherent-state":[66],"photon":[67,185],"counting,":[68],"Fock":[69],"states,":[70],"two-mode":[72],"squeezed":[73],"vacuum":[74],"probes.":[75],"We":[76,157],"introduce":[77],"random-loss":[79],"channel":[80],"model":[81],"imperfectly":[83],"known":[84],"background":[85],"transmission,":[86],"reflecting":[87],"fact":[89],"that":[90,111,122],"blank":[92],"experiment":[93],"need":[94],"not":[95],"return":[96],"all":[97],"incident":[98],"photons":[99,141],"due":[100],"to":[101,127],"scattering,":[102],"solvent":[103],"absorption,":[104],"or":[105],"collection":[106],"losses.":[107],"Our":[108],"results":[109],"show":[110],"optimized":[112],"non-classical":[113],"probes":[114],"can":[115],"substantially":[116],"outperform":[117],"conventional":[118],"laser":[119],"spectroscopy,":[120,135],"advantage":[124,152],"robust":[126],"realistic":[128,184],"baseline":[129],"random":[130],"loss.":[131],"%":[132],"multi-frequency":[134],"optimization":[137],"also":[138],"determines":[139],"how":[140,172],"should":[142],"be":[143],"allocated":[144],"across":[145],"lines,":[147],"revealing":[148],"additional":[150],"resource-allocation":[151],"beyond":[153],"single-mode":[154],"state":[155],"engineering.":[156],"illustrate":[158],"our":[159],"using":[161],"infrared":[162],"detection":[163],"4-nitrophenol":[165],"against":[166],"chemically":[167],"relevant":[168],"comparison":[169],"molecules,":[170],"showing":[171],"methods":[175],"provide":[176],"constructive":[177],"performance":[178],"limits":[179],"under":[183],"constraints.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00"}
