{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214179556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199522","title":"FAR-BKT: Fuzzy Adaptive Revision of Static Educational Content Using Bayesian Knowledge Tracing","display_name":"FAR-BKT: Fuzzy Adaptive Revision of Static Educational Content Using Bayesian Knowledge Tracing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214179556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16199522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7214179556"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199522","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115525352","display_name":"Michail Tselepatiotis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2501-1684","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2501-1684"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michail Tselepatiotis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2501-1684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063125195","display_name":"Konstantina Chrysafiadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-1407","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-1407"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantina Chrysafiadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-1407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059830428","display_name":"Efthimios Alepis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-7218","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-7218"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Efthimios Alepis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115525352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"19","first_page":"9522","last_page":"9522"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-knowledge-tracing","display_name":"Bayesian Knowledge Tracing","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-learning","display_name":"personalized learning","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6082000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987376176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy inference system","level":5,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82142266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456604","display_name":"Dynamic Bayesian network","level":3,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983703474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088227","display_name":"Probability estimation","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44492722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327069","display_name":"Conditional probability","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101112237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874481","display_name":"Bayesian statistics","level":4,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16199522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d365a5c996d4307b96a8312cad8e018","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d365a5c996d4307b96a8312cad8e018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 16, Iss 19, p 9522 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16199522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597703949","https://openalex.org/W1981119341","https://openalex.org/W1986746566","https://openalex.org/W2015040676","https://openalex.org/W2117122404","https://openalex.org/W2148618687","https://openalex.org/W2164841925","https://openalex.org/W2607491370","https://openalex.org/W2615786590","https://openalex.org/W2785554867","https://openalex.org/W2790530005","https://openalex.org/W2898638632","https://openalex.org/W2985555797","https://openalex.org/W3140559152","https://openalex.org/W3165215982","https://openalex.org/W4200218441","https://openalex.org/W4230150613","https://openalex.org/W4283257816","https://openalex.org/W4321108625","https://openalex.org/W4361293606","https://openalex.org/W4385768469","https://openalex.org/W4389365236","https://openalex.org/W4389777297","https://openalex.org/W4391282362","https://openalex.org/W4391593328","https://openalex.org/W4392165503","https://openalex.org/W4392717068","https://openalex.org/W4394585879","https://openalex.org/W4397289399","https://openalex.org/W4400059712","https://openalex.org/W4405107771","https://openalex.org/W4405522416","https://openalex.org/W4405994543","https://openalex.org/W7131123510","https://openalex.org/W7166840725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204495927","https://openalex.org/W7220935343","https://openalex.org/W7202261907","https://openalex.org/W7165647576","https://openalex.org/W4366808710","https://openalex.org/W7098822269","https://openalex.org/W2398262737","https://openalex.org/W3165215982","https://openalex.org/W4391282362","https://openalex.org/W4404955078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predefined":[0],"educational":[1,41],"content":[2],"provides":[3],"curricular":[4],"control":[5],"and":[6,19,60,81,102,106,130,153,173],"consistent":[7],"quality":[8],"but":[9,158],"remains":[10],"non-personalized":[11],"when":[12],"all":[13],"learners":[14],"receive":[15],"the":[16,38,44,107,137,143],"same":[17,45],"sequence":[18],"amount":[20],"of":[21],"practice.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"proposes":[25],"Fuzzy":[26],"Adaptive":[27],"Revision":[28],"with":[29],"Bayesian":[30],"Knowledge":[31],"Tracing":[32],"(FAR-BKT),":[33],"a":[34,71,76],"framework":[35],"based":[36,93],"on":[37,94],"assumption":[39],"that":[40],"items":[42],"assessing":[43],"or":[46],"closely":[47],"related":[48],"knowledge":[49,132],"can":[50],"share":[51],"learner":[52,103],"evidence":[53],"while":[54],"retaining":[55],"separate":[56],"question-level":[57],"mastery":[58,85,145],"estimates":[59],"revision":[61],"decisions.":[62],"FAR-BKT":[63,141],"extends":[64],"fixed-parameter":[65],"BKT":[66],"through":[67],"three":[68],"adaptive":[69,83],"mechanisms:":[70],"dynamic":[72],"learning-transition":[73],"probability":[74,79,90],"p(T),":[75],"context-sensitive":[77],"slip":[78],"p(S),":[80],"an":[82,169],"fuzzy":[84],"threshold":[86,108],"\u03b8.":[87],"The":[88,166],"transition":[89],"is":[91],"adjusted":[92],"group-level":[95],"response":[96],"accuracy,":[97],"p(S)":[98],"from":[99],"option":[100],"confusability":[101],"error":[104],"history,":[105],"determines":[109],"whether":[110],"individual":[111],"questions":[112],"remain":[113],"active":[114],"for":[115],"further":[116],"revision.":[117],"Six":[118],"matched":[119],"policies":[120],"were":[121],"evaluated":[122],"using":[123],"1000":[124],"heterogeneous":[125],"synthetic":[126],"learners,":[127],"24":[128],"questions,":[129],"eight":[131],"groups.":[133],"Dynamic":[134],"p(T)":[135],"produced":[136],"greatest":[138],"standalone":[139],"improvement.":[140],"achieved":[142],"highest":[144,154],"coverage":[146],"(0.462),":[147],"lowest":[148],"final":[149],"estimation":[150],"MAE":[151],"(0.167),":[152],"removal":[155],"precision":[156],"(0.453),":[157],"required":[159],"11.1%":[160],"more":[161],"attempts":[162],"than":[163,177],"fixed":[164],"BKT.":[165],"findings":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"interpretable":[170],"effectiveness\u2013effort":[171],"trade-off":[172],"provide":[174],"computational,":[175],"rather":[176],"classroom,":[178],"evidence.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00"}
