{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214156273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752884","title":"Not all roads lead to selfing: mating-system stability in invasive ectomycorrhizal fungi","display_name":"Not all roads lead to selfing: mating-system stability in invasive ectomycorrhizal fungi","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214156273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.19.752884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752884","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.19.752884.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.19.752884.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008825782","display_name":"Yihong Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8435-082X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8435-082X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Hong Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","The Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8435-082X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053280248","display_name":"Yen\u2010Wen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6851-1646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6851-1646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yen-Wen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023261135","display_name":"Anna Bazzicalupo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-9517","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-9517"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799614521","display_name":"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew","ror":"https://ror.org/00ynnr806","country_code":"GB","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799614521"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna L. Bazzicalupo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799614521"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075029287","display_name":"Lotus A. Lofgren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-102X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-102X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lotus Lofgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031749538","display_name":"Sara Branco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-933X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-933X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Branco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005903893","display_name":"Rytas J. Vilgalys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8299-3605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8299-3605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rytas Vilgalys","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008825782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.3555000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.3555000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10451","display_name":"Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions","score":0.32499998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10497","display_name":"Fungal and yeast genetics research","score":0.1429000049829483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-pollination","display_name":"self-pollination","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-incompatibility","display_name":"self-incompatibility","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suillus-luteus","display_name":"Suillus luteus","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amanita-phalloides","display_name":"Amanita phalloides","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-fungi","display_name":"invasive fungi","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ectomycorrhizal-fungi","display_name":"ectomycorrhizal fungi","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boletales","display_name":"Boletales","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unisexual-reproduction","display_name":"unisexual reproduction","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inbreeding-depression","display_name":"inbreeding depression","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonization","display_name":"colonization","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-analysis","display_name":"genome analysis","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780926781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24344273","display_name":"Selfing","level":3,"score":0.958299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.899399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1244910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1481109","display_name":"Inbreeding depression","level":4,"score":0.7263000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116402615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4584563","display_name":"Mating system","level":3,"score":0.6133000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107917433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779009","display_name":"Outcrossing","level":3,"score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777782036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38978","display_name":"Inbreeding","level":3,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776927270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815962","display_name":"Colonization","level":2,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136020623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183368","display_name":"Invasive species","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779678110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764","display_name":"Fungus","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159575461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182353","display_name":"Sexual reproduction","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59659247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11990","display_name":"Reproduction","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79368074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1923203","display_name":"Dikaryon","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780335910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3047120","display_name":"Ectomycorrhiza","level":5,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173651095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065449","display_name":"Introduced species","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.19.752884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752884","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.19.752884.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.19.752884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752884","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/24/2026.09.19.752884.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1286236842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G419881185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC02\u201305CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G42916606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE AC02 05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4501827968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G498139845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6652958823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7205239661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316170","funder_display_name":"Joint Genome Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G834277795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2013AC02\u201305CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316170","funder_display_name":"Joint Genome Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8727603277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.25585","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316170","funder_display_name":"Joint Genome Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316170","display_name":"Joint Genome Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04xm1d337"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214156273.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214156273.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559962461","https://openalex.org/W1862600999","https://openalex.org/W1964737931","https://openalex.org/W1975078409","https://openalex.org/W1989322416","https://openalex.org/W2020682691","https://openalex.org/W2023042404","https://openalex.org/W2036897871","https://openalex.org/W2041825338","https://openalex.org/W2082283628","https://openalex.org/W2087895686","https://openalex.org/W2094165799","https://openalex.org/W2099085143","https://openalex.org/W2102861663","https://openalex.org/W2106578986","https://openalex.org/W2119180969","https://openalex.org/W2124664561","https://openalex.org/W2129580935","https://openalex.org/W2132804174","https://openalex.org/W2138364485","https://openalex.org/W2154591942","https://openalex.org/W2157613543","https://openalex.org/W2159184522","https://openalex.org/W2160378127","https://openalex.org/W2263875137","https://openalex.org/W2316465895","https://openalex.org/W2323673996","https://openalex.org/W2332855424","https://openalex.org/W2538782138","https://openalex.org/W2545925351","https://openalex.org/W2623919564","https://openalex.org/W2797956284","https://openalex.org/W2905822157","https://openalex.org/W2962807081","https://openalex.org/W2966039203","https://openalex.org/W4366240175","https://openalex.org/W4387909444","https://openalex.org/W4390236424","https://openalex.org/W7137210136","https://openalex.org/W7165854013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2282715329","https://openalex.org/W2116742974","https://openalex.org/W2024343079","https://openalex.org/W1977407809","https://openalex.org/W2172551888","https://openalex.org/W2108531212","https://openalex.org/W2020682691","https://openalex.org/W2157419224","https://openalex.org/W2040354437","https://openalex.org/W2039235778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Baker\u2019s":[1],"rule":[2],"predicts":[3],"that":[4,209],"selfing":[5,55,77,123,180,211],"is":[6,18,78,212,218],"a":[7,61,81,89,188],"beneficial":[8],"trait":[9],"for":[10],"colonizers,":[11],"whose":[12],"prediction":[13],"in":[14,38,43,80,91,153,175,184,205,214],"the":[15,24,45,57,97,103,128,136,150,154,176,193,233,241],"kingdom":[16],"Fungi":[17],"reinforced":[19],"by":[20],"recent":[21],"work":[22,204],"showing":[23],"invasive":[25],"ectomycorrhizal":[26,104],"basidiomycete":[27,105],"Amanita":[28],"phalloides":[29,138],"with":[30,83],"self-incompatibility":[31,92],"(SI)":[32],"system":[33,48,85,130,152],"has":[34],"evolved":[35],"unisexual":[36,145],"reproduction":[37,146],"its":[39,111],"introduced":[40,118,155,163,190],"range.":[41],"Unlike":[42,135],"plants,":[44],"multiallelic":[46],"SI":[47,84,129,151],"of":[49,60,70,74,99,102,144,149,157,197,200],"basidiomycetes":[50],"does":[51],"not":[52,219],"fully":[53],"prevent":[54],"among":[56,236],"meiotic":[58],"offspring":[59],"single":[62,189],"dikaryotic":[63],"(diploid)":[64],"parent.":[65],"This":[66],"distinction":[67],"allows":[68],"observation":[69],"an":[71],"intermediate":[72],"state":[73],"selection":[75],"where":[76],"preferred":[79],"species":[82],"during":[86,221],"colonization":[87],"before":[88],"change":[90],"architecture.":[93],"Here,":[94],"we":[95,140],"analyzed":[96],"genomes":[98],"189":[100],"isolates":[101],"Suillus":[106],"luteus":[107,159,207],"collected":[108],"from":[109,187],"both":[110],"native":[112,177],"European":[113],"range":[114],"and":[115,126,228,240],"five":[116],"independently":[117],"regions":[119],"to":[120,225],"test":[121],"whether":[122,127],"rates":[124,167],"increased":[125],"had":[131],"degraded":[132],"after":[133],"introduction.":[134],"A.":[137],"case,":[139],"found":[141],"no":[142],"evidence":[143],"or":[147],"loss":[148],"ranges":[156],"S.":[158,206],".":[160],"Rather,":[161],"all":[162],"populations":[164],"maintained":[165],"outcrossing":[166],"higher":[168,229],"than":[169],"expected":[170],"under":[171],"random":[172],"mating":[173],"as":[174],"population.":[178],"However,":[179],"events":[181],"were":[182],"detected":[183],"three":[185],"individuals":[186],"population,":[191],"representing":[192],"first":[194],"documented":[195],"case":[196],"selfed":[198],"sporocarps":[199],"Boletales":[201],"fungi.":[202],"Our":[203],"demonstrates":[208],"although":[210],"possible":[213],"this":[215],"species,":[216],"it":[217],"favored":[220],"colonization,":[222],"potentially":[223],"due":[224],"inbreeding":[226],"depression":[227],"population":[230],"density,":[231],"highlighting":[232],"complex":[234],"interaction":[235],"invasion":[237],"biology,":[238],"genetics,":[239],"colonizing":[242],"context.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00"}