{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214112525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.17.752393","title":"Sleep spindle deficits in childhood absence epilepsy improve with antiseizure treatment and disease resolution","display_name":"Sleep spindle deficits in childhood absence epilepsy improve with antiseizure treatment and disease resolution","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214112525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.17.752393","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42818128","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13622085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.17.752393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.17.752393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.17.752393","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/23/2026.09.17.752393.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/23/2026.09.17.752393.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114162157","display_name":"Skyler K. Goodman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5103-6027","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5103-6027"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Skyler K. Goodman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139076750","display_name":"Sarah Yi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076005576","display_name":"Dhinakaran M. Chinappen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-3120","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-3120"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298154867","display_name":"Kennedy Krieger Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05q6tgt32","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhinakaran M. Chinappen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101795513","display_name":"Mark Kramer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-7202","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-7202"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Kramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140963562","display_name":"Catherine J. Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-9313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-9313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298154867","display_name":"Kennedy Krieger Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05q6tgt32","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine J. Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017084934","display_name":"Hunki Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-2546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-2546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298154867","display_name":"Kennedy Krieger Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05q6tgt32","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hunki Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-2546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017084934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867","https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12229","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-absence-epilepsy","display_name":"childhood absence epilepsy","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-spindles","display_name":"sleep spindles","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiepileptic-drugs","display_name":"antiepileptic drugs","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thalamocortical-circuits","display_name":"thalamocortical circuits","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epileptiform-spikes","display_name":"epileptic spikes","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-resolution","display_name":"disease resolution","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-vulnerability","display_name":"cognitive vulnerability","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontal-lobe","display_name":"frontal lobe","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eeg-biomarkers","display_name":"EEG biomarkers","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-consolidation","display_name":"memory consolidation","score":0.7720000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143647101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738302","display_name":"Sleep spindle","level":4,"score":0.7418000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778566530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2894827","display_name":"Childhood absence epilepsy","level":3,"score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.6283000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5493000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4772999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779246727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184215","display_name":"Thalamus","level":2,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777295592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988876","display_name":"Idiopathic generalized epilepsy","level":3,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778828891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414096","display_name":"Muscle spindle","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.17.752393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.17.752393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.17.752393","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/23/2026.09.17.752393.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13622085","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13622085/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13622085/pdf/nihpp-2026.09.17.752393v1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42818128","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42818128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.17.752393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.17.752393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.17.752393","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/23/2026.09.17.752393.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9907000064849854,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1640652681","display_name":"Focal Thalamocortical Circuit Dysfunction Mediates Motor and Cognitive Deficits in Developmental Epilepsy","funder_award_id":"R01NS115868","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308604","display_name":"Biogen","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqkb192"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309098","display_name":"Child Neurology Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxe9p77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214112525.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214112525.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319996483","https://openalex.org/W3121923915","https://openalex.org/W7160015482","https://openalex.org/W7160661715","https://openalex.org/W3199109892","https://openalex.org/W4382139357","https://openalex.org/W2800453255","https://openalex.org/W4395025021","https://openalex.org/W2756674339","https://openalex.org/W4200025587"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Childhood":[1,252],"absence":[2,253],"epilepsy":[3,9,254,261],"(CAE),":[4],"the":[5,24,113,117,220,309],"most":[6,126],"common":[7,258],"childhood":[8,259],"syndrome,":[10],"is":[11,256,277],"associated":[12,42],"with":[13,43,62,84,93,107,112,133,138,217,296,333],"bursts":[14],"of":[15,209,223,233],"generalized":[16,260],"thalamocortical":[17,39,141,243,265,318],"spike-wave":[18],"discharges":[19],"and":[20,31,46,64,67,70,81,110,148,212,245,267,287,300,314,320],"cognitive":[21,44,246,268,334],"impairment,":[22],"yet":[23],"physiological":[25,207,327],"mechanisms":[26],"linking":[27],"disease":[28,79,153,210,290],"activity,":[29],"treatment,":[30],"cognition":[32],"remain":[33],"unclear.":[34],"Sleep":[35],"spindles,":[36],"generated":[37],"by":[38,50,152,263,302],"circuits,":[40],"are":[41],"function":[45],"may":[47],"be":[48],"disrupted":[49],"epileptic":[51,121,134,242,297,312,331],"activity.":[52],"Here,":[53,270],"we":[54,271],"retrospectively":[55],"studied":[56],"87":[57,68],"EEGs":[58],"from":[59],"53":[60],"children":[61,92,159,171,216],"active":[63,94,156,196,281],"resolved":[65,108,168],"CAE":[66,95,109],"age-":[69],"sex-matched":[71],"controls":[72],"to":[73,105,329],"evaluate":[74],"sleep":[75,201,224,274,315,322],"spindle":[76,98,149,162,174,202,235,275],"activity":[77,123,244,266,276,293,332],"across":[78,100],"states":[80],"its":[82],"association":[83,144],"antiseizure":[85,303],"medication":[86,304],"(ASM)":[87],"exposure.":[88,305],"We":[89],"found":[90],"that":[91,273,311],"had":[96,160,172],"reduced":[97,279],"rates":[99,163,175],"all":[101],"cortical":[102],"regions":[103],"compared":[104],"those":[106],"controls,":[111],"largest":[114],"reduction":[115,192],"in":[116,183,195,215,226,248,284,336],"frontal":[118,285],"region,":[119],"where":[120],"spike":[122,135,184,298],"was":[124,130,193,294],"also":[125],"prominent.":[127],"Spindle":[128,292],"rate":[129,150,185,203,299],"inversely":[131],"correlated":[132],"rate,":[136],"consistent":[137],"a":[139,190,205,238,257,325],"shared":[140],"circuitry.":[142],"The":[143],"between":[145,241],"ASM":[146,213],"exposure":[147,214],"varied":[151],"state.":[154],"In":[155,167,179],"CAE,":[157,169,282],"treated":[158,170],"higher":[161],"than":[164,176],"untreated":[165,177],"children.":[166,178],"lower":[173],"contrast,":[180],"ASM-related":[181],"differences":[182],"were":[186],"more":[187],"limited,":[188],"although":[189],"medication-specific":[191],"observed":[194],"CAE.":[197,218,249,337],"These":[198,306],"findings":[199,230],"support":[200,231,308],"as":[204,324],"candidate":[206,326],"marker":[208],"state":[211],"Given":[219],"established":[221],"role":[222],"spindles":[225,316,323],"memory":[227],"consolidation,":[228],"these":[229],"testing":[232],"whether":[234],"disruption":[236],"provides":[237],"mechanistic":[239],"link":[240,330],"vulnerability":[247,335],"Significance":[250],"Statement":[251],"(CAE)":[255],"characterized":[262],"abnormal":[264],"difficulties.":[269],"show":[272],"globally":[278],"during":[280],"particularly":[283],"regions,":[286],"normalizes":[288],"after":[289],"resolution.":[291],"anticorrelated":[295],"impacted":[301],"results":[307],"hypothesis":[310],"spikes":[313],"share":[317],"circuitry":[319],"promote":[321],"biomarker":[328]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00"}
