{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214107882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116791","title":"Clinical Presentation of, Treatment Approaches for, and the Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Pediatric Catatonia: A Structured Qualitative Synthesis and Targeted Literature Review","display_name":"Clinical Presentation of, Treatment Approaches for, and the Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Pediatric Catatonia: A Structured Qualitative Synthesis and Targeted Literature Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214107882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116791","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42921596","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13694003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.116791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116791","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/450500-clinical-presentation-of-treatment-approaches-for-and-the-impact-of-social-determinants-of-health-on-pediatric-catatonia-a-structured-qualitative-synthesis-and-targeted-literature-review.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/450500-clinical-presentation-of-treatment-approaches-for-and-the-impact-of-social-determinants-of-health-on-pediatric-catatonia-a-structured-qualitative-synthesis-and-targeted-literature-review.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152513672","display_name":"Raquel Gonzalez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I896053408","display_name":"American University of Antigua","ror":"https://ror.org/001shqf12","country_code":"AG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I896053408"]}],"countries":["AG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raquel Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Medicine, American University of Antigua, St. John's, ATG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Medicine, American University of Antigua, St. John's, ATG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I896053408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152572712","display_name":"Savraj S Sekhon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801651397","display_name":"Richmond University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01m9rk435","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801651397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Savraj S Sekhon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801651397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059632841","display_name":"Sarah Tedesco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-3453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-3453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801651397","display_name":"Richmond University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01m9rk435","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801651397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82783531","display_name":"Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01h22ap11","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82783531"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Tedesco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA","Psychiatry, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801651397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82783531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059632841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801651397","https://openalex.org/I82783531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69750748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"e116791","last_page":"e116791"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13966","display_name":"Neurological and metabolic disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-catatonia","display_name":"pediatric catatonia","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-determinants-of-health","display_name":"social determinants of health","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malignant-catatonia","display_name":"malignant catatonia","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodic-catatonia","display_name":"periodic catatonia","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosis","display_name":"psychosis","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzodiazepines","display_name":"benzodiazepines","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lorazepam","display_name":"lorazepam","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-drugs","display_name":"antipsychotic drugs","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroconvulsive-therapy","display_name":"electroconvulsive therapy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-informed-care","display_name":"trauma-informed care","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-stigma","display_name":"mental health stigma","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-hardship","display_name":"socioeconomic hardship","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enteral-nutrition","display_name":"enteral nutrition","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydration","display_name":"hydration","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relapse-prevention","display_name":"relapse prevention","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-recognition","display_name":"early recognition","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9524000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.7508999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78491826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352","display_name":"Social determinants of health","level":3,"score":0.5795000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.4778999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983815764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551167","display_name":"Social impact","level":3,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992125907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1741837","display_name":"Child health","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.116791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116791","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/450500-clinical-presentation-of-treatment-approaches-for-and-the-impact-of-social-determinants-of-health-on-pediatric-catatonia-a-structured-qualitative-synthesis-and-targeted-literature-review.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42921596","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42921596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13694003","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42921596/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.116791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116791","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/450500-clinical-presentation-of-treatment-approaches-for-and-the-impact-of-social-determinants-of-health-on-pediatric-catatonia-a-structured-qualitative-synthesis-and-targeted-literature-review.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214107882.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214107882.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125458449","https://openalex.org/W1979091313","https://openalex.org/W1998346433","https://openalex.org/W2064531284","https://openalex.org/W2076377208","https://openalex.org/W2089366259","https://openalex.org/W2100055705","https://openalex.org/W2101336450","https://openalex.org/W2155207255","https://openalex.org/W2594574280","https://openalex.org/W2889113046","https://openalex.org/W3035234097","https://openalex.org/W3137604257","https://openalex.org/W3146142859","https://openalex.org/W3169889633","https://openalex.org/W3204990428","https://openalex.org/W3214694226","https://openalex.org/W4200172356","https://openalex.org/W4200298627","https://openalex.org/W4221097542","https://openalex.org/W4225143766","https://openalex.org/W4292300311","https://openalex.org/W4295589178","https://openalex.org/W4303649432","https://openalex.org/W4385343543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806941328","https://openalex.org/W4385343543","https://openalex.org/W4404434479","https://openalex.org/W2161322370","https://openalex.org/W2897871624","https://openalex.org/W4313453957","https://openalex.org/W4402280485","https://openalex.org/W1979091313","https://openalex.org/W2020127868","https://openalex.org/W4303685187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Catatonia":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,165],"complex":[3],"neuropsychiatric":[4],"syndrome":[5],"with":[6,25,53,132,157],"diverse":[7],"presentations,":[8],"including":[9,95,112,181],"stuporous,":[10],"excited,":[11],"malignant,":[12],"and":[13,32,45,63,70,77,85,92,100,108,120,176,183,211],"periodic":[14],"forms.":[15,90],"While":[16],"well":[17],"documented":[18],"in":[19,80,88,127,144,155,168,188,218],"adults,":[20],"pediatric":[21,51,219],"catatonia":[22,54,82],"remains":[23],"underrecognized,":[24],"limited":[26,173],"literature":[27,47],"addressing":[28,212],"its":[29],"presentation,":[30],"treatment,":[31],"the":[33,64,204],"influence":[34],"of":[35,38,66,206],"social":[36],"determinants":[37],"health":[39],"(SDOH).":[40],"This":[41,201],"structured":[42],"qualitative":[43],"synthesis":[44,202],"targeted":[46],"review":[48],"examine":[49],"eight":[50],"patients":[52,156],"to":[55,83,117,137,197,215],"identify":[56],"clinical":[57],"patterns,":[58],"contributing":[59],"factors,":[60,111],"treatment":[61],"strategies,":[62],"impact":[65],"SDOH":[67,107],"on":[68],"diagnosis":[69],"outcomes.":[71],"Clinical":[72],"presentations":[73],"ranged":[74],"from":[75],"mutism":[76],"waxy":[78],"flexibility":[79],"stuporous":[81],"agitation":[84],"self-injurious":[86],"behavior":[87],"excited":[89],"Neurodevelopmental":[91],"psychiatric":[93],"conditions,":[94],"autism":[96],"spectrum":[97],"disorder":[98],"(ASD)":[99],"psychotic":[101,159],"disorders,":[102],"were":[103,123,130,142,186],"common":[104],"predisposing":[105],"factors.":[106],"other":[109],"contextual":[110],"trauma,":[113],"mental-health":[114],"stigma,":[115],"barriers":[116],"specialized":[118],"care,":[119,210],"socioeconomic":[121],"hardship,":[122],"variably":[124],"reported":[125],"and,":[126],"several":[128],"cases,":[129,148],"associated":[131],"delayed":[133],"recognition":[134],"or":[135],"access":[136],"treatment.":[138],"Benzodiazepines,":[139],"particularly":[140],"lorazepam,":[141],"effective":[143],"symptom":[145],"management":[146,192],"across":[147],"while":[149],"antipsychotic":[150],"medications":[151],"provided":[152],"adjunctive":[153],"benefit":[154],"prominent":[158],"features.":[160],"Electroconvulsive":[161],"therapy":[162],"(ECT)":[163],"was":[164],"life-saving":[166],"intervention":[167],"refractory":[169],"cases":[170],"but":[171],"remained":[172],"by":[174],"systemic":[175,213],"legislative":[177],"barriers.":[178],"Supportive":[179],"measures,":[180],"hydration":[182],"enteral":[184],"feeding,":[185],"critical":[187],"severe":[189],"presentations.":[190],"Long-term":[191],"required":[193],"individualized":[194],"pharmacologic":[195],"strategies":[196],"reduce":[198],"relapse":[199],"risk.":[200],"highlights":[203],"importance":[205],"early":[207],"recognition,":[208],"trauma-informed":[209],"inequities":[214],"improve":[216],"outcomes":[217],"catatonia.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00"}
