{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214101311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702","title":"Psychometric applications of generative artificial intelligence: Lifecycle, risks, and research agenda","display_name":"Psychometric applications of generative artificial intelligence: Lifecycle, risks, and research agenda","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214101311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42776949","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13600520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/mentalhealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663781","display_name":"PLOS mental health.","issn_l":"2837-8156","issn":["2837-8156"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Mental Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/mentalhealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070395117","display_name":"David Villarreal\u2010Zegarra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2222-4764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2222-4764","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-4310","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6225-6720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165210","display_name":"Universidad Continental","ror":"https://ror.org/05rcf8d17","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165210"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Villarreal-Zegarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Continental"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2222-4764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Continental","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117352640","display_name":"Yscenia Paredes-Gonzales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7588-4977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7588-4977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286752","display_name":"Digital Health S.A. (Peru)","ror":"https://ror.org/030raj877","country_code":"PE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405286752"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yscenia Paredes-Gonzales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017141722","display_name":"Jackeline Garc\u00eda-Serna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9260-1505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9260-1505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155264","display_name":"Instituto Peruano de Orientaci\u00f3n Psicol\u00f3gica","ror":"https://ror.org/046ghm278","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286752","display_name":"Digital Health S.A. (Peru)","ror":"https://ror.org/030raj877","country_code":"PE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405286752"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jackeline Garc\u00eda-Serna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health S.A","Instituto Peruano de Orientaci\u00f3n Psicol\u00f3gica"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Peruano de Orientaci\u00f3n Psicol\u00f3gica","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155264"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070395117"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165210"],"apc_list":{"value":2496,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2496},"apc_paid":{"value":2496,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2496},"fwci":1.0565,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70609982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"9","first_page":"e0000702","last_page":"e0000702"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.11739999800920486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.1143999993801117,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-ai","display_name":"generative AI","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"psychometrics","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-assessment","display_name":"psychological assessment","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-validity","display_name":"measurement validity","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-invariance","display_name":"measurement invariance","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-bias","display_name":"algorithmic bias","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prompt-sensitivity","display_name":"prompt sensitivity","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-momentary-assessment","display_name":"ecological momentary assessment","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-trace-data","display_name":"digital traces","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-models","display_name":"multimodal models","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-scoring","display_name":"AI scoring","score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-oversight","display_name":"human oversight","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-privacy","display_name":"data privacy","score":0.4869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6247000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.5277000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48739999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173633133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw score","level":3,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120107772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168554","display_name":"Discriminant validity","level":4,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33191230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3737383","display_name":"Face validity","level":3,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202889954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139554","display_name":"Subjectivity","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92446256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306762","display_name":"Data validation","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/mentalhealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663781","display_name":"PLOS mental health.","issn_l":"2837-8156","issn":["2837-8156"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Mental Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42776949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42776949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS mental health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13600520","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13600520/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Ment Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4c87c2d0ddfb4918879223d07392cd90","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4c87c2d0ddfb4918879223d07392cd90","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Mental Health, Vol 3, Iss 9, p e0000702 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/mentalhealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmen.0000702&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663781","display_name":"PLOS mental health.","issn_l":"2837-8156","issn":["2837-8156"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Mental Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214101311.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214101311.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081011876","https://openalex.org/W2157427387","https://openalex.org/W2392412101","https://openalex.org/W2469775770","https://openalex.org/W2791246286","https://openalex.org/W2793320726","https://openalex.org/W3016443966","https://openalex.org/W3136552952","https://openalex.org/W3159391059","https://openalex.org/W3165751252","https://openalex.org/W4226163610","https://openalex.org/W4280572991","https://openalex.org/W4284964561","https://openalex.org/W4290190684","https://openalex.org/W4295942986","https://openalex.org/W4310993626","https://openalex.org/W4315798096","https://openalex.org/W4321004017","https://openalex.org/W4377002091","https://openalex.org/W4389514989","https://openalex.org/W4391536321","https://openalex.org/W4392605825","https://openalex.org/W4394857110","https://openalex.org/W4396760952","https://openalex.org/W4399528455","https://openalex.org/W4402155831","https://openalex.org/W4403237568","https://openalex.org/W4403420208","https://openalex.org/W4404570405","https://openalex.org/W4404774582","https://openalex.org/W4405281112","https://openalex.org/W4406152263","https://openalex.org/W4407108350","https://openalex.org/W4408341583","https://openalex.org/W4409362465","https://openalex.org/W4409802130","https://openalex.org/W4410550984","https://openalex.org/W4410565018","https://openalex.org/W4410696539","https://openalex.org/W4413237373","https://openalex.org/W4414102977","https://openalex.org/W4415966990","https://openalex.org/W4416368167","https://openalex.org/W4417454579","https://openalex.org/W7115915821","https://openalex.org/W7154937786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416047605","https://openalex.org/W7166812445","https://openalex.org/W7171552671","https://openalex.org/W4415776941","https://openalex.org/W7123289395","https://openalex.org/W6944177514","https://openalex.org/W4414986010","https://openalex.org/W7083798698","https://openalex.org/W4416368167","https://openalex.org/W7214713597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"(GenAI),":[3],"including":[4],"large":[5,9],"language":[6],"models":[7,181],"and":[8,19,55,59,63,67,70,89,115,125,147,158,185,187,232,235,239,257],"multimodal":[10,90,145],"models,":[11],"is":[12],"increasingly":[13],"used":[14],"to":[15],"support":[16,144,182],"psychological":[17],"assessment":[18],"digital":[20,76],"mental":[21],"health":[22],"measurement.":[23],"This":[24],"review":[25],"proposes":[26],"a":[27],"lifecycle":[28],"framework":[29,39],"for":[30,177,189],"evaluating":[31],"these":[32],"uses":[33,154],"without":[34,212],"weakening":[35],"psychometric":[36,97,193,265],"standards.":[37],"The":[38],"covers":[40],"construct":[41,113,208],"definition;":[42],"item,":[43],"prompt,":[44],"indicator,":[45],"or":[46,108,168],"signal":[47],"generation;":[48],"evaluation":[49],"of":[50,202,223,237],"content,":[51],"response":[52],"processes,":[53],"usability,":[54],"data":[56,255],"quality;":[57],"piloting":[58],"calibration;":[60],"validation;":[61],"fairness":[62,252],"measurement":[64,183,203],"invariance;":[65],"scoring":[66,149],"interpretation;":[68],"documentation;":[69],"post-deployment":[71],"monitoring.":[72,259],"We":[73,171],"argue":[74],"that":[75],"traces":[77],"from":[78],"smartphones,":[79],"chatbots,":[80],"ecological":[81],"momentary":[82],"assessment,":[83],"wearables,":[84],"social":[85],"media,":[86],"clinical":[87,169],"notes,":[88],"systems":[91],"should":[92,102,261],"not":[93,163,263],"be":[94],"treated":[95],"as":[96],"measures":[98],"by":[99],"default.":[100],"They":[101],"remain":[103],"raw":[104],"data,":[105,251],"candidate":[106,134],"indicators,":[107],"algorithmic":[109,220],"scores":[110],"until":[111],"their":[112],"interpretation":[114],"intended":[116],"use":[117,242],"are":[118,200],"theoretically":[119],"specified,":[120],"technically":[121],"verified,":[122],"empirically":[123],"calibrated,":[124],"validated":[126],"with":[127,249],"human":[128,244,250],"data.":[129],"GenAI":[130,176,260],"may":[131,155],"help":[132],"generate":[133],"items,":[135],"refine":[136],"wording,":[137],"classify":[138],"open-text":[139],"responses,":[140],"extract":[141],"structured":[142],"information,":[143],"integration,":[146],"assist":[148],"under":[150],"explicit":[151],"rules.":[152],"These":[153],"improve":[156],"efficiency":[157],"scale,":[159],"but":[160],"they":[161],"do":[162],"establish":[164],"validity,":[165,214],"objectivity,":[166],"fairness,":[167],"meaning.":[170],"distinguish":[172],"two":[173],"complementary":[174],"facets:":[175],"psychometrics,":[178],"in":[179,191,217],"which":[180,192],"development":[184],"scoring,":[186],"psychometrics":[188],"GenAI,":[190],"methods":[194],"evaluate":[195],"model":[196,227],"behavior":[197],"when":[198],"LLMs":[199],"part":[201],"workflows.":[204],"Key":[205],"risks":[206],"include":[207],"drift,":[209,228],"face":[210],"validity":[211],"structural":[213],"compressed":[215],"variability":[216],"synthetic":[218],"respondents,":[219],"bias,":[221,230],"lack":[222],"invariance,":[224],"prompt":[225],"sensitivity,":[226],"automation":[229],"data-security":[231],"privacy":[233],"failures,":[234],"loss":[236],"subjectivity":[238],"disagreement.":[240],"Responsible":[241],"requires":[243],"oversight,":[245],"transparent":[246],"reporting,":[247],"validation":[248],"evaluation,":[253],"secure":[254],"governance,":[256],"continuous":[258],"augment,":[262],"replace,":[264],"science.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00"}