{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214093379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.25279","title":"Effects of Repetitive Low-Level Blast Exposure on Mental Health in Veterans","display_name":"Effects of Repetitive Low-Level Blast Exposure on Mental Health in Veterans","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214093379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.25279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.25279","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25279","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.25279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.25279","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129074026","display_name":"Albert Zeng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeng, Albert","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Statistics and Data Science , University of Pennsylvania , 265 S. 37 th Street , Philadelphia , PA , 19104 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Statistics and Data Science , University of Pennsylvania , 265 S. 37 th Street , Philadelphia , PA , 19104 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114674315","display_name":"Iris Horng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6293-053X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6293-053X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Horng, Iris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152565913","display_name":"David Park","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Park, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Neuroscience , University of Pennsylvania , 415 Curie Blvd , Philadelphia , PA , 19104 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Neuroscience , University of Pennsylvania , 415 Curie Blvd , Philadelphia , PA , 19104 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152565076","display_name":"Nic Gray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gray, Nic","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152503023","display_name":"Randel Swanson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swanson, Randel","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration , Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Virginia Medical Center , 3900 Woodland Ave , Philadelphia , PA , 19104 , USA",". Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University of Pennsylvania , Perelman School of Medicine , 3400 Civic Center Blvd , Philadelphia , PA , 19104 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration , Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Virginia Medical Center , 3900 Woodland Ave , Philadelphia , PA , 19104 , USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University of Pennsylvania , Perelman School of Medicine , 3400 Civic Center Blvd , Philadelphia , PA , 19104 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090252563","display_name":"Dylan S. Small","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4928-2646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4928-2646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Small, Dylan S.","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Neuroscience , University of Pennsylvania , 415 Curie Blvd , Philadelphia , PA , 19104 , USA",". Uniformed Services Justice & Advocacy Group , 924 N Wahsatch Ave Colorado Springs , PA , 80903 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Neuroscience , University of Pennsylvania , 415 Curie Blvd , Philadelphia , PA , 19104 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Uniformed Services Justice & Advocacy Group , 924 N Wahsatch Ave Colorado Springs , PA , 80903 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.06159999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12138","display_name":"Occupational Health and Performance","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-veterans","display_name":"military veterans","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"mild traumatic brain injury","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcoholism","display_name":"alcoholism","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"mental health","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy","display_name":"chronic traumatic encephalopathy","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.7730000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6514999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.6409000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6205000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.5655999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.4345000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779072820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47064","display_name":"Military personnel","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526","display_name":"Traumatic brain injury","level":2,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778159538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16920843","display_name":"Traumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776679223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1521260","display_name":"Binge drinking","level":4,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982735371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9690","display_name":"Mental fatigue","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776610969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205972","display_name":"Alcohol intoxication","level":4,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017406211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47064","display_name":"Service member","level":3,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018522652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15326","display_name":"Chronic alcoholic","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.25279","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25279","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.25279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.25279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.25279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.25279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.25279","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25279","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.25279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214093379.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214093379.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412790990","https://openalex.org/W4414372017","https://openalex.org/W4386306311","https://openalex.org/W3198637586","https://openalex.org/W3201417415","https://openalex.org/W2047894505","https://openalex.org/W2512232761","https://openalex.org/W7154993921","https://openalex.org/W2528984403","https://openalex.org/W4386501615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Links":[0],"between":[1],"blast":[2,27,44,87,220],"exposure":[3,45,88,142,155],"and":[4,16,116,146,186,222],"mild":[5],"traumatic":[6],"brain":[7],"injury":[8],"(mTBI),":[9],"as":[10,12,63,77,101],"well":[11,20],"other":[13,71],"negative":[14],"physical":[15],"mental":[17,206,226],"effects":[18,24],"are":[19,40],"established.":[21],"However,":[22],"the":[23,34,83,98,200,212],"of":[25,36,85,92,135,140,176,214,218],"low-level":[26,86],"exposure,":[28],"which":[29],"does":[30],"not":[31,199],"rise":[32],"to":[33,53,70,109,130],"level":[35],"a":[37,90,121,138],"mTBI":[38,141,154],"diagnosis,":[39],"less":[41],"well-documented.":[42],"Low-level":[43],"may":[46],"initiate":[47],"or":[48,58],"accelerate":[49],"neurodegenerative":[50],"changes,":[51],"leading":[52],"accelerated":[54],"age-related":[55],"cognitive":[56],"decline":[57],"overt":[59],"neuropathological":[60],"diagnoses":[61],"such":[62,76],"Chronic":[64],"Traumatic":[65],"Encephalopathy":[66],"(CTE),":[67],"in":[68,97],"addition":[69],"non-neurodegenerative":[72],"long-term":[73],"harmful":[74],"effects,":[75],"clinical":[78],"depression.":[79],"This":[80],"study":[81,124,217],"analyzed":[82],"effect":[84],"through":[89],"survey":[91],"military":[93,100],"veterans":[94,136,147],"who":[95,148],"served":[96],"U.S.":[99],"mortarmen":[102,127,163,190],"(n":[103,143,156],"=":[104,144,157],"42).":[105],"Survey":[106],"participants":[107],"responded":[108],"screening":[110],"assessments":[111],"measuring":[112],"depression,":[113,194],"PTSD,":[114],"anxiety,":[115],"alcohol":[117,188],"use":[118],"disorder.":[119],"Through":[120],"matched":[122],"pair":[123],"design,":[125],"surveyed":[126,162],"were":[128],"compared":[129],"two":[131],"control":[132],"groups":[133,175],"consisting":[134],"without":[137],"history":[139],"283)":[145],"had":[149],"suffered":[150],"at":[151],"least":[152],"one":[153],"1264).":[158],"We":[159],"found":[160],"that":[161,196],"reported":[164,192],"statistically":[165],"significant":[166],"higher":[167,193],"depression":[168],"(as":[169],"measured":[170],"by":[171],"PHQ-9)":[172],"than":[173],"both":[174],"controls.":[177],"Even":[178],"after":[179],"accounting":[180],"for":[181,204],"Post-Traumatic":[182],"Stress":[183],"disorder":[184],"(PTSD)":[185],"unhealthy":[187],"use,":[189],"still":[191],"suggesting":[195],"PTSD":[197],"was":[198],"sole":[201],"factor":[202],"responsible":[203],"worse":[205],"health":[207],"symptoms.":[208],"These":[209],"results":[210],"highlight":[211],"importance":[213],"more":[215],"comprehensive":[216],"cumulative":[219],"overpressure":[221],"its":[223],"relationship":[224],"with":[225],"health.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00"}