{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214090529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s636790","title":"Anesthesia-Informed Approaches to Insomnia: Shared Neural Circuits, Biomimetic Sleep, and Emerging Interventional Strategies","display_name":"Anesthesia-Informed Approaches to Insomnia: Shared Neural Circuits, Biomimetic Sleep, and Emerging Interventional Strategies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214090529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s636790","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42802869","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13616160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/nss.s636790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s636790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s636790","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/120077","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739268901","display_name":"Nature and Science of Sleep","issn_l":"1179-1608","issn":["1179-1608"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature and Science of Sleep","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/120077","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128452600","display_name":"Yu Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132332","display_name":"Bethune International Peace Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/040aks519","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152549193","display_name":"Xiongwei Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132332","display_name":"Bethune International Peace Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/040aks519","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiongwei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152519844","display_name":"Houxin Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132332","display_name":"Bethune International Peace Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/040aks519","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houxin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152546581","display_name":"Fang Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132332","display_name":"Bethune International Peace Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/040aks519","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136748580","display_name":"Jinbao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0445-4511","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0445-4511"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132332","display_name":"Bethune International Peace Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/040aks519","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinbao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0445-4511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5152549193"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132332"],"apc_list":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"apc_paid":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58317757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 18","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insomnia","display_name":"insomnia","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"anesthesia","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dexmedetomidine","display_name":"dexmedetomidine","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ketamine","display_name":"ketamine","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esketamine","display_name":"esketamine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propofol","display_name":"propofol","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slow-wave-sleep","display_name":"slow-wave sleep","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellate-ganglion-block","display_name":"stellate ganglion block","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acupuncture","display_name":"acupuncture","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop-stimulation","display_name":"closed-loop stimulation","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-sleep-disturbance","display_name":"postoperative sleep disturbance","score":0.7739999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8044999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781302539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412133","display_name":"Dexmedetomidine","level":3,"score":0.7871999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31174226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64855140","display_name":"Perioperative","level":2,"score":0.5393000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.5389000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776478404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187","display_name":"Cochrane Library","level":3,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4496000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780795376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243547","display_name":"Ketamine","level":2,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781210498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869874","display_name":"Insomnia","level":2,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779526319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615057","display_name":"Anesthesiology","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4441509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6418787","display_name":"Multimodal therapy","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113","display_name":"Chronic pain","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778162923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4990531","display_name":"Anesthetic","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781265626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147152","display_name":"Cognitive behavioral therapy","level":3,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1513209611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177190","display_name":"Sleep disorder","level":3,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141330323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2354820","display_name":"Evidence-based practice","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2147/nss.s636790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s636790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s636790","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/120077","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739268901","display_name":"Nature and Science of Sleep","issn_l":"1179-1608","issn":["1179-1608"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature and Science of Sleep","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13616160","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13616160/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13616160/pdf/NSS-18-636790.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nat Sci Sleep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42802869","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42802869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature and science of sleep","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dovepress.com/120077","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/anesthesia-informed-approaches-to-insomnia-shared-neural-circuits-biom-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSS","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401012","display_name":"Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/nss.s636790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s636790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s636790","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/120077","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739268901","display_name":"Nature and Science of Sleep","issn_l":"1179-1608","issn":["1179-1608"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature and Science of Sleep","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214090529.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214090529.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7203457049","https://openalex.org/W7201879963","https://openalex.org/W7203695423","https://openalex.org/W6959692017","https://openalex.org/W7171454214","https://openalex.org/W2027110790","https://openalex.org/W2414608414","https://openalex.org/W4411894164","https://openalex.org/W2022704591","https://openalex.org/W2893358697"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Insomnia":[1],"affects":[2],"approximately":[3],"10-30%":[4],"of":[5,9,92,133],"adults,":[6],"burdening":[7],"quality":[8],"life,":[10],"cognition,":[11],"and":[12,21,30,58,68,73,84,94,116,122,177,194,197,216,221,250,275],"health.":[13],"Although":[14],"cognitive":[15],"behavioral":[16],"therapy":[17,180],"for":[18,64,98,128],"insomnia":[19,237],"(CBT-I)":[20],"approved":[22,260],"pharmacotherapies":[23],"remain":[24,219],"standard":[25,270],"care,":[26],"limited":[27,239],"accessibility,":[28],"durability,":[29],"efficacy":[31],"in":[32,38,231],"refractory":[33],"populations":[34],"have":[35],"motivated":[36],"interest":[37],"mechanism-based":[39],"alternatives,":[40],"including":[41],"approaches":[42,246],"derived":[43],"from":[44,105,164,207],"anesthetic":[45,65],"pharmacology.":[46],"Objective:":[47],"This":[48],"narrative":[49],"review":[50],"examines":[51],"the":[52,95,125],"convergent":[53],"neural":[54],"circuits":[55],"underlying":[56],"anesthesia-induced":[57],"physiological":[59],"sleep,":[60,202],"critically":[61],"appraises":[62],"evidence":[63,82,159],"agents-dexmedetomidine,":[66],"ketamine/esketamine,":[67],"propofol-delivered":[69],"through":[70,101],"non-traditional":[71],"modalities,":[72],"evaluates":[74],"perioperative":[75],"sleep":[76,151,173,179,230],"optimization,":[77],"with":[78,185,269],"explicit":[79],"attention":[80],"to":[81,223,235,257],"level":[83],"limitations.":[85],"Methods:":[86],"We":[87],"searched":[88],"PubMed/MEDLINE,":[89],"Embase,":[90],"Web":[91],"Science,":[93],"Cochrane":[96],"Library":[97],"English-language":[99],"publications":[100],"June":[102],"2026.":[103],"Evidence":[104],"randomized":[106],"controlled":[107],"trials":[108],"(RCTs),":[109],"systematic":[110],"reviews,":[111],"observational":[112],"studies,":[113],"case":[114],"reports,":[115],"mechanistic":[117,248],"studies":[118,167],"was":[119],"synthesized":[120],"narratively":[121],"graded":[123],"using":[124],"Oxford":[126],"Centre":[127],"Evidence-Based":[129],"Medicine":[130],"2011":[131],"Levels":[132],"Evidence.":[134],"Results:":[135],"Dexmedetomidine":[136],"induces":[137],"\"biomimetic":[138],"sleep\"":[139],"via":[140],"alpha-2":[141],"adrenergic":[142],"agonism,":[143],"resembling":[144],"natural":[145],"non-rapid":[146],"eye":[147],"movement":[148],"stage":[149],"2":[150],"more":[152],"closely":[153],"than":[154,169,254],"propofol.":[155],"However,":[156],"most":[157,204],"supporting":[158],"is":[160,238],"mechanistic,":[161],"perioperative,":[162],"or":[163,259],"small":[165],"pilot":[166],"rather":[168,253],"insomnia-specific":[170,266],"RCTs.":[171],"Patient-controlled":[172],"systems,":[174],"intranasal":[175],"delivery,":[176],"bionic":[178],"are":[181],"promising":[182],"but":[183,203,233],"preliminary,":[184],"incomplete":[186],"long-term":[187,272],"safety":[188,273],"data,":[189],"particularly":[190],"regarding":[191],"cardiovascular":[192],"effects":[193],"withdrawal.":[195],"Ketamine":[196],"esketamine":[198],"may":[199],"enhance":[200],"slow-wave":[201],"data":[205],"derive":[206],"comorbid":[208],"depression,":[209],"confounding":[210],"attribution.":[211],"Stellate":[212],"ganglion":[213],"block,":[214],"acupuncture,":[215],"closed-loop":[217],"stimulation":[218],"investigational":[220,251],"susceptible":[222],"placebo":[224],"effects.":[225],"Perioperative":[226],"strategies":[227],"improve":[228],"postoperative":[229],"RCTs,":[232,267],"extrapolation":[234],"chronic":[236],"by":[240],"fundamental":[241],"etiological":[242],"differences.":[243],"Conclusion:":[244],"Anesthesia-informed":[245],"provide":[247],"insights":[249],"directions":[252],"established":[255],"alternatives":[256],"CBT-I":[258],"hypnotics.":[261],"Priorities":[262],"include":[263],"adequately":[264],"powered":[265],"comparison":[268],"treatments,":[271],"evaluation,":[274],"phenotype-guided":[276],"selection.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00"}