{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214088647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.25979","title":"LUNA: Luneburg-Lens-Aided Reconfigurable Array for 6G-and-Advanced Wireless Networks","display_name":"LUNA: Luneburg-Lens-Aided Reconfigurable Array for 6G-and-Advanced Wireless Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214088647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.25979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.25979","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25979","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.25979","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.25979","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123026333","display_name":"Ziwei Wan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan, Ziwei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Science , Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) , Beijing 100081 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Science , Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) , Beijing 100081 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152558174","display_name":"Zhen Gao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao, Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Science , Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) , Beijing 100081 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Science , Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) , Beijing 100081 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074392353","display_name":"Shuping Dang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-815X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-815X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dang, Shuping","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Science , Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) , Beijing 100081 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Science , Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) , Beijing 100081 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035876091","display_name":"Michail Matthaiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-7741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-7741"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthaiou, Michail","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152559699","display_name":"Zhaocheng Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Zhaocheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Science , Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) , Beijing 100081 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Science , Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) , Beijing 100081 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060830236","display_name":"Sheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-6303","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-6303"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Science , Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) , Beijing 100081 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Science , Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) , Beijing 100081 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.05180000141263008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luneburg-lens","display_name":"Luneburg lens","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-antenna-arrays","display_name":"reconfigurable antenna arrays","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/6g-networks","display_name":"6G","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-beam-steering","display_name":"passive beam steering","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"beamforming","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"spectral efficiency","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position-estimation","display_name":"positioning","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensing","display_name":"wireless sensing","score":0.49799999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780081114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739536","display_name":"Luneburg lens","level":3,"score":0.6341999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5637000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195545963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469803","display_name":"Repeater (horology)","level":3,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66999923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876195","display_name":"Beam waveguide antenna","level":5,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180664797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437028","display_name":"Radio repeater","level":5,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47198933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771256","display_name":"Antenna feed","level":5,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54767332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751572","display_name":"Phase response","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.250900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117313154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878344","display_name":"Time division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.25979","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25979","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.25979","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.25979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.25979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.25979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.25979","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25979","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.25979","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214088647.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214088647.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7201869760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576622755","https://openalex.org/W4403123136","https://openalex.org/W3192126527","https://openalex.org/W2120544067","https://openalex.org/W3216372503","https://openalex.org/W4200575309","https://openalex.org/W7162100277","https://openalex.org/W4283818313","https://openalex.org/W7169577952","https://openalex.org/W7204043277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"introduces":[2],"the":[3,22,37,65,79,118,137],"LUneburg-lens-aided":[4],"recoNfigurable":[5],"Array":[6],"(LUNA),":[7],"an":[8],"antenna":[9],"architecture":[10],"that":[11,134],"unifies":[12],"multiple-input":[13],"multiple-output":[14],"(MIMO)":[15],"and":[16,58,72,82,90,107,115,120,128,140,148,161],"network-controlled":[17],"repeater":[18],"(NCR)":[19],"functionalities":[20],"in":[21,88,97],"Luneburg":[23,28,86,105],"lens-enabled":[24],"hardware":[25,70],"platform.":[26],"A":[27],"lens,":[29],"fabricated":[30],"from":[31],"graded-index":[32],"dielectric":[33],"materials,":[34],"passively":[35],"converts":[36],"radiation":[38],"of":[39,85],"a":[40,44,53,59,104,108,144],"low-gain":[41],"feed":[42,56,110,121],"into":[43],"highly":[45],"directional":[46],"beam":[47,66],"without":[48],"active":[49],"phase":[50],"shifting,":[51],"while":[52],"dense":[54],"passive":[55],"bank":[57,122],"reconfigurable":[60,109],"feed-selection":[61],"network":[62],"electronically":[63],"switch":[64],"directions":[67,163],"with":[68,143],"minimal":[69],"complexity":[71],"power":[73],"consumption.":[74],"We":[75],"commence":[76],"by":[77],"reviewing":[78],"basic":[80],"principles":[81],"application":[83],"history":[84],"lenses":[87],"radar":[89],"wireless":[91],"communications,":[92],"which":[93],"motivates":[94],"their":[95],"role":[96],"6G-and-advanced":[98],"networks.":[99],"Then,":[100],"we":[101],"highlight":[102],"how":[103],"lens":[106,119],"array":[111],"construct":[112],"both":[113],"LUNA-MIMO":[114],"LUNA-NCR,":[116],"where":[117],"can":[123],"be":[124],"reused":[125],"across":[126],"functions":[127],"frequency":[129],"bands.":[130],"Case":[131],"studies":[132],"demonstrate":[133],"LUNA":[135],"achieves":[136],"satisfactory":[138],"spectral":[139],"energy":[141],"efficiency":[142],"few":[145],"radio-frequency":[146],"chains,":[147],"it":[149],"also":[150],"improves":[151],"positioning":[152],"performance":[153],"for":[154],"sensing":[155],"tasks.":[156],"Finally,":[157],"some":[158],"open":[159],"problems":[160],"research":[162,169],"are":[164],"provided":[165],"to":[166],"inspire":[167],"follow-up":[168],"on":[170],"LUNA.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00"}