{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214079474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144","title":"Comparing methodological approaches for outlier detection: a cross-sectional study of 2744 Australian long-term care facilities","display_name":"Comparing methodological approaches for outlier detection: a cross-sectional study of 2744 Australian long-term care facilities","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214079474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42776020","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13730271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzag144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144/71348184/mzag144.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74917805","display_name":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care","issn_l":"1353-4505","issn":["1353-4505","1464-3677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144/71348184/mzag144.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137492586","display_name":"Dylan Harries","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-6989","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-6989"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259553","display_name":"Caring Futures Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02d01az19","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dylan Harries","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-6989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053628764","display_name":"Johannes Schwabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0916-3098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0916-3098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259553","display_name":"Caring Futures Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02d01az19","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Schwabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0916-3098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022355349","display_name":"Robert N. Jorissen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-2803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-2803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259553","display_name":"Caring Futures Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02d01az19","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert N Jorissen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-2803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080712353","display_name":"Brian Wright Pulling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-0374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-0374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259553","display_name":"Caring Futures Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02d01az19","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian W Pulling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-0374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028899651","display_name":"Gillian Elizabeth Caughey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-4121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-4121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259553","display_name":"Caring Futures Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02d01az19","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gillian E Caughey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-4121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068621183","display_name":"Tracy Anne Comans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-3496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-3496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320473756","display_name":"The Royal Melbourne Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/005bvs909","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320473756","https://openalex.org/I4210158168"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086544","display_name":"National Ageing Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00200ya62","country_code":"AU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086544"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy Comans","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne, Victoria,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-3496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne, Victoria,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1320473756","https://openalex.org/I4210086544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073406645","display_name":"Maria C S Inacio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-2665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-2665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259553","display_name":"Caring Futures Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02d01az19","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria C Inacio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-2665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, College of Health and Enablement, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152533509","display_name":"the ACAC QMET Collaborators","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"the ACAC QMET Collaborators","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029055854","display_name":"Len Gray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-0802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-0802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Len C Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152518200","display_name":"Johanna I Westbrook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna I Westbrook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090680632","display_name":"Jeffrey Braithwaite","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0296-4957","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0296-4957"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Braithwaite","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030828753","display_name":"Peter Hibbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7865-343X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7865-343X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Hibbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053166084","display_name":"Janet Kathleen Sluggett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9059-5209","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9059-5209"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet K Sluggett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152547430","display_name":"Nasir Wabe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasir Wabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registry of Senior Australians Research Centre , South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , North Terrace , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5137492586"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4210137740","https://openalex.org/I4405259553"],"apc_list":{"value":2795,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3686},"apc_paid":{"value":2795,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3686},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66026542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11376","display_name":"Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes","score":0.6230000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11376","display_name":"Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes","score":0.6230000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.3142000138759613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11443","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring","score":0.023600000888109207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier-detection","display_name":"outlier detection","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-care-facilities","display_name":"long-term care facilities","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-monitoring","display_name":"quality monitoring","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-limits","display_name":"control limits","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prediction-intervals","display_name":"prediction intervals","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-intervals","display_name":"confidence intervals","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overdispersion","display_name":"overdispersion","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-testing-correction","display_name":"multiple testing correction","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-presentation","display_name":"emergency department presentation","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-use","display_name":"antipsychotic use","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fall-related-hospitalization","display_name":"fall-related hospitalization","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-ulcers","display_name":"pressure ulcers","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-care","display_name":"quality of care","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.7605999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5157999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.40139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117236510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113620","display_name":"Overdispersion","level":4,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71405471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757012","display_name":"Quality management","level":3,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781385661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677918","display_name":"Acute care","level":3,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000058","descriptor_name":"Accidental Falls","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000096924","descriptor_name":"Emergency Room Visits","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001315","descriptor_name":"Australia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008134","descriptor_name":"Long-Term Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008134","descriptor_name":"Long-Term Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009735","descriptor_name":"Nursing Homes","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009735","descriptor_name":"Nursing Homes","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019984","descriptor_name":"Quality Indicators, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzag144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144/71348184/mzag144.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74917805","display_name":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care","issn_l":"1353-4505","issn":["1353-4505","1464-3677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13730271","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13730271/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13730271/pdf/mzag144.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Qual Health Care","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42776020","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42776020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzag144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/intqhc/mzag144/71348184/mzag144.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74917805","display_name":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care","issn_l":"1353-4505","issn":["1353-4505","1464-3677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1966691584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PHRDI000009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","funder_display_name":"Australian Government"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G199364144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","funder_display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2042316086","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GNT119378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","funder_display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5783608981","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334277","funder_display_name":"Department for Innovation and Skills, Government of South Australia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6121087790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GNT119378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320977","funder_display_name":"Flinders University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6401412152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315501","funder_display_name":"Government of South Australia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8155189583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320979","funder_display_name":"University of South Australia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8491134215","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-2024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","funder_display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311586","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311869","display_name":"Queensland Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00c1dt378"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315501","display_name":"Government of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/04g3scy39"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320977","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320979","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322127","display_name":"Department of Health, State Government of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9jhh55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325396","display_name":"NSW Ministry of Health","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334277","display_name":"Department for Innovation and Skills, Government of South Australia","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/011kf5r70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4906014721","display_name":"Medical Research Future Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/0513v5k17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214079474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214079474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7132847622","https://openalex.org/W7214414242","https://openalex.org/W1519268540","https://openalex.org/W6960071565","https://openalex.org/W4315481021","https://openalex.org/W7170116682","https://openalex.org/W2946571535","https://openalex.org/W2118632666","https://openalex.org/W3213020250","https://openalex.org/W2073946704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Detection":[1],"of":[2,8,15,21,59,69,76,88,102,106,132,159,185,223,236,255],"outliers":[3,133,224,259],"is":[4],"a":[5,234],"common":[6],"feature":[7],"quality":[9,20,66,117],"monitoring":[10,65,267],"programs,":[11],"with":[12,175,225],"the":[13,29,57,86,139,176,221,253],"goal":[14],"identifying":[16],"unwarranted":[17],"variation":[18],"in":[19,36,38,64,98,269],"care.":[22,70],"However,":[23],"there":[24],"remains":[25],"limited":[26],"agreement":[27,140],"on":[28,115],"most":[30],"appropriate":[31,274],"methods":[32,47,96,142,212,277],"for":[33,48,62,152,215,278],"detecting":[34],"outliers,":[35],"particular":[37],"long-term":[39,52,78,112,168,256,270],"care":[40,53,79,113,169,257,271],"facilities.":[41],"This":[42],"study":[43,75],"aimed":[44],"to":[45,149,233,285],"compare":[46],"outlier":[49,111],"detection":[50,95],"among":[51],"facilities":[54,80,114,170],"and":[55,67,104,126,138,195,209,282],"assess":[56,150],"suitability":[58],"each":[60,136],"method":[61,137],"use":[63,105,190,273],"safety":[68],"METHODS:":[71],"A":[72,157],"cross-sectional":[73],"population-based":[74],"Australian":[77],"during":[81],"2019":[82],"was":[83,143,180],"conducted":[84],"using":[85,135],"Registry":[87],"Senior":[89],"Australians":[90],"National":[91],"Historical":[92],"Cohort.":[93],"Outlier":[94],"differing":[97],"control":[99,280],"limits,":[100],"handling":[101],"overdispersion,":[103],"multiple":[107],"testing":[108],"adjustments":[109],"identified":[110,134,229,260],"four":[116],"indicators":[118,201],"(emergency":[119],"department":[120,182],"presentations,":[121],"antipsychotic":[122,189],"use,":[123],"fall-related":[124,192],"hospitalizations,":[125],"pressure":[127,196],"injury-related":[128,197],"hospitalizations).":[129],"The":[130,173],"number":[131,222,254],"between":[141,154,206,264],"examined.":[144],"Simulation":[145],"studies":[146],"were":[147,171,213],"undertaken":[148],"reasons":[151],"differences":[153],"methods.":[155,265],"RESULTS:":[156],"total":[158],"234":[160],"890":[161],"persons":[162],"(241":[163],"925":[164],"person-episodes)":[165],"at":[166],"2744":[167],"included.":[172],"indicator":[174],"highest":[177],"event":[178,217,227],"rate":[179,218],"emergency":[181],"presentations":[183],"(37.9%":[184],"person-episodes),":[186],"followed":[187],"by":[188,231],"(21.5%),":[191],"hospitalizations":[193,198],"(13.6%),":[194],"(3.4%).":[199],"Most":[200],"exhibited":[202],"some":[203],"overdispersion.":[204,287],"Differences":[205],"confidence":[207],"interval-based":[208,211,276],"prediction":[210,275],"largest":[214],"low":[216],"indicators,":[219],"where":[220],"higher-than-expected":[226],"rates":[228],"differed":[230],"up":[232],"factor":[235],"4.":[237],"Methods":[238],"that":[239,252],"did":[240],"not":[241],"address":[242,286],"overdispersion":[243],"had":[244],"high":[245],"false-positive":[246],"rates.":[247],"CONCLUSION:":[248],"These":[249],"results":[250],"indicate":[251],"facility":[258],"can":[261],"vary":[262],"widely":[263],"Quality":[266],"programs":[268],"should":[272],"constructing":[279],"limits":[281],"take":[283],"steps":[284]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00"}
