{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214070923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no8.2026.pg158.171","title":"Solar- Powered and Performance Evaluation of a Smart Irrigation System","display_name":"Solar- Powered and Performance Evaluation of a Smart Irrigation System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214070923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no8.2026.pg158.171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no8.2026.pg158.171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no8.2026.pg158.171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no8.2026.pg158.171","pdf_url":"https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJEMT/VOL. 12 NO. 8 2026/Solar- Powered and Performance Evaluation 158-171.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281528","display_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY","issn_l":"2504-8848","issn":["2504-8848","2695-2149"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJEMT/VOL. 12 NO. 8 2026/Solar- Powered and Performance Evaluation 158-171.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061588200","display_name":"Malum Japhet Flayin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-2546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-2546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44738892","display_name":"Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi","ror":"https://ror.org/05hgtp764","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malum J. Flayin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering,   Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University,  Makurdi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering,   Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University,  Makurdi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061588200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56160647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"158","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.5830000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.5830000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.23729999363422394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13420","display_name":"Arduino and IoT Applications","score":0.08309999853372574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-powered-irrigation","display_name":"solar-powered irrigation","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-irrigation","display_name":"smart irrigation","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drip-irrigation","display_name":"drip irrigation","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-modules","display_name":"photovoltaic modules","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-charge-controller","display_name":"solar charge controller","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-charging","display_name":"battery charging","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture-sensors","display_name":"soil moisture sensors","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arduino","display_name":"Arduino","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-irrigation","display_name":"irrigation automation","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse","display_name":"greenhouse","score":0.3100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.7900999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776636718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551796","display_name":"Charge controller","level":4,"score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5332000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5034000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776633867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186612","display_name":"Timer","level":3,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48102754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7973695","display_name":"Water pumping","level":3,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777618391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483757","display_name":"Solar power","level":3,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779876028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124164","display_name":"Alternating current","level":3,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520301825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380170","display_name":"Energy conservation","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776620479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159241","display_name":"Direct current","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88182573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139740","display_name":"High voltage","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53392680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163647","display_name":"Constant current","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65382992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556085","display_name":"Solar cable","level":5,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no8.2026.pg158.171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no8.2026.pg158.171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no8.2026.pg158.171","pdf_url":"https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJEMT/VOL. 12 NO. 8 2026/Solar- Powered and Performance Evaluation 158-171.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281528","display_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY","issn_l":"2504-8848","issn":["2504-8848","2695-2149"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no8.2026.pg158.171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no8.2026.pg158.171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijemt.vol.12.no8.2026.pg158.171","pdf_url":"https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJEMT/VOL. 12 NO. 8 2026/Solar- Powered and Performance Evaluation 158-171.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281528","display_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY","issn_l":"2504-8848","issn":["2504-8848","2695-2149"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214070923.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214070923.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127164694","https://openalex.org/W4401083405","https://openalex.org/W4403146431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123064460","https://openalex.org/W3134241240","https://openalex.org/W7222838474","https://openalex.org/W7220381701","https://openalex.org/W3157977287","https://openalex.org/W4234871631","https://openalex.org/W4292117020","https://openalex.org/W7222793801","https://openalex.org/W2965449567","https://openalex.org/W4413893536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Experiment":[0],"was":[1,175,184,204,212,267,275],"carried":[2],"out":[3,252],"on":[4],"how":[5],"to":[6,107,117,125,144,214,269,295],"generate":[7],"and":[8,30,37,74,90,139,164,166,170,189,236,244],"developed":[9,222],"solar":[10,26,64,72,79,84,99,278],"powered":[11],"pumping":[12,180,210,282],"system":[13,289],"for":[14,98,285],"smart":[15,224],"irrigation.":[16],"Solar":[17],"power":[18],"energy":[19,42,65,85,100,279],"materials":[20,43],"used":[21,232,261],"consist":[22],"of":[23,49,86,228],"photovoltaic":[24],"panel,":[25],"charge":[27,92,158,169,207],"controller,":[28],"batteries,":[29],"inverter,":[31],"distribution":[32],"pipe,":[33],"voltmeter,":[34],"wiring":[35],"accessories":[36],"water":[38,283],"pump.":[39],"The":[40,54,77,172,192,209,247],"coupled":[41,213],"were":[44,66,250,260],"set":[45,97,185,268],"at":[46,137,142,148,186,198,205],"an":[47,82,215,254],"angle":[48],"150":[50],"South":[51],"-":[52],"east.":[53],"generated":[55,81],"voltage":[56,75,112,127,147],"recorded":[57,67,111,122],"during":[58],"the":[59,63,103,145,152,202,286,291],"day":[60],"time":[61,181],"from":[62,71,102,123,130],"in":[68,179,253],"two":[69,78],"parts;":[70],"panel":[73,89],"controller.":[76,93],"panels":[80,110],"average":[83],"24.63v,":[87],"PV":[88,109],"10.23v":[91],"Within":[94],"10":[95],"hours":[96],"assessment":[101],"panels,from":[104],"9:00":[105],"am":[106],"6:00pm,":[108],"that":[113],"ranged":[114],"between":[115],"19.3":[116],"30.2,":[118],"while":[119],"Charge":[120],"controller":[121,159],"5.1":[124],"16.0v.The":[126],"kept":[128],"increasing":[129],"9:0am":[131],"until":[132],"it":[133],"reached":[134],"a":[135],"peak":[136],"3:0pm,":[138],"started":[140],"declining":[141],"4:0pm":[143],"lowest":[146],"6:":[149],"00pm,":[150],"when":[151,272],"sun":[153],"rays":[154],"have":[155],"gone":[156],"dim.The":[157],"allows":[160],"current":[161],"into":[162],"battery":[163,203],"protect":[165],"regulate":[167],"its":[168],"discharge.":[171],"pump":[173],"efficiency":[174],"tested":[176],"using":[177,223],"variation":[178],"(sec),":[182],"which":[183],"10,20,":[187],"30,40,50":[188],"60":[190],"seconds.":[191],"flow":[193],"rate":[194],"(L/sec)":[195],"remained":[196],"constant":[197],"5":[199],"L/sec,":[200],"because":[201],"full":[206],"state.":[208],"unit":[211],"automated":[216],"soil":[217,273],"moisture-based":[218],"drip":[219],"irrigation":[220,225,263,271,288,292],"system,":[221],"system.":[226],"Internet":[227],"Things":[229],"(IoT)":[230],"components":[231],"were,":[233],"Arduino,":[234],"Veroboard":[235],"Timer":[237],"Switch,":[238],"Soil":[239],"Moisture":[240,265],"Sensor,":[241],"Relay":[242],"Module":[243],"Water":[245],"Pump.":[246],"experimental":[248],"plots":[249],"laid":[251],"improvised":[255],"green":[256],"house.":[257],"Med":[258],"emitters":[259],"as":[262],"drippers.":[264],"sensor":[266],"trigger":[270],"moisture":[274],"below50%.":[276],"The,":[277],"generated,":[280],"sustained":[281],"required":[284],"Smart":[287],"throughout":[290],"scheduled":[293],"period":[294],"harvest":[296],"time.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00"}