{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214065634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.26224","title":"Propagation electrodynamics differential conduction of action potentials in geometrically branched squid giant axons","display_name":"Propagation electrodynamics differential conduction of action potentials in geometrically branched squid giant axons","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214065634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.26224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.26224","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26224","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.26224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.26224","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152568101","display_name":"Xi Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141225561","display_name":"Wenxi Fang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang, Wenxi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University ; \ud835\udc4f"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University ; \ud835\udc4f","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066044954","display_name":"Ken Perlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0701-4379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0701-4379"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perlin, Ken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University ; \ud835\udc4f","Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology ; \ud835\udc50"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University ; \ud835\udc4f","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology ; \ud835\udc50","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11263","display_name":"Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods","score":0.4147999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11263","display_name":"Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods","score":0.4147999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.2313999980688095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.07639999687671661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-potential-propagation","display_name":"action potential propagation","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/squid-giant-axon","display_name":"squid giant axon","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-induction","display_name":"magnetic induction","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lorentz-force","display_name":"Lorentz force","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conduction-velocity","display_name":"conduction velocity","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-corrections","display_name":"quantum corrections","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometric-ratios","display_name":"geometric ratios","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hodgkin-huxley-model","display_name":"Hodgkin-Huxley model","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitzhugh-nagumo-model","display_name":"FitzHugh-Nagumo model","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-difference-time-domain","display_name":"finite-difference time-domain simulation","score":0.7260000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8120999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777743550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81900","display_name":"Squid","level":2,"score":0.5838000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172100665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7465774","display_name":"Thermal conduction","level":2,"score":0.5317999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140190676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172137","display_name":"Lorentz force","level":3,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29210110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897","display_name":"Inductance","level":3,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154954056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1604164","display_name":"Transverse plane","level":2,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50942859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967193","display_name":"Rectification","level":3,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99692599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596577","display_name":"Dissipative system","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54407271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194277","display_name":"Action potential","level":3,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109663097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182453","display_name":"Adiabatic process","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4904824","display_name":"Bifurcation","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.26224","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26224","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.26224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.26224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.26224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.26224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.26224","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26224","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.26224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214065634.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214065634.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601216305","https://openalex.org/W1968435495","https://openalex.org/W2009624432","https://openalex.org/W2058858982","https://openalex.org/W2064066799","https://openalex.org/W2084457009","https://openalex.org/W2093090982","https://openalex.org/W2770434147","https://openalex.org/W2789916706","https://openalex.org/W4390063407","https://openalex.org/W4416712263","https://openalex.org/W7139110425","https://openalex.org/W7171366684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172494563","https://openalex.org/W7172391527","https://openalex.org/W2973191468","https://openalex.org/W2016553320","https://openalex.org/W2985647878","https://openalex.org/W2155364286","https://openalex.org/W1977712714","https://openalex.org/W2039801411","https://openalex.org/W2898470629","https://openalex.org/W1588203896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classical":[0],"cable":[1],"theory":[2],"neglects":[3],"magnetic":[4,46,87],"induction,":[5],"Lorentz":[6],"forces,":[7],"and":[8,42,52,62,78,101,121,142],"transient":[9],"electromagnetic":[10],"(EM)":[11],"currents,":[12],"limiting":[13],"its":[14],"accuracy":[15],"for":[16,55,75,151],"action":[17],"potential":[18],"propagation":[19],"in":[20,60,81,154],"branched":[21],"neuronal":[22,156],"geometries.":[23],"We":[24,89],"develop":[25],"a":[26,148],"coupled":[27],"Maxwell-cable":[28],"framework":[29,146],"that":[30,67,96],"integrates":[31],"finite-difference":[32],"time-domain":[33],"(FDTD)":[34],"solutions":[35],"of":[36],"Maxwell's":[37],"equations":[38],"with":[39],"extended":[40],"Hodgkin-Huxley":[41],"Fitzhugh-Nagumo":[43],"dynamics,":[44],"including":[45],"gating,":[47],"EM":[48,119,137],"transmembrane":[49],"currents":[50],"$I_{\\text{EM}}$,":[51],"quantum":[53,122],"corrections":[54,138],"thin":[56],"segments.":[57],"Controlled":[58],"simulations":[59],"asymmetric":[61],"symmetric":[63],"axonal":[64],"bifurcations":[65],"show":[66],"inductive":[68],"effects":[69,123],"lower":[70],"the":[71,114],"critical":[72],"branch":[73],"radius":[74],"conduction":[76,109],"failure":[77],"break":[79],"symmetry":[80],"identical":[82],"daughter":[83],"branches":[84],"under":[85],"transverse":[86],"fields.":[88],"introduce":[90],"an":[91],"EM-corrected":[92],"geometric":[93],"ratio":[94],"$GR_{\\text{EM}}$":[95],"revises":[97],"branch-point":[98],"impedance":[99],"matching":[100],"captures":[102],"size-dependent":[103],"axial":[104],"current":[105],"imbalances.":[106],"Parent":[107],"axon":[108],"velocity":[110],"deviates":[111],"significantly":[112],"from":[113],"$\\sqrt{d}$":[115],"scaling":[116],"law":[117],"when":[118],"feedback":[120],"are":[124],"included,":[125],"leading":[126],"to":[127,139],"early":[128],"blockage":[129],"at":[130],"large":[131],"diameters.":[132],"Overall,":[133],"quasi-static":[134],"models":[135],"underestimate":[136],"speed,":[140],"waveform,":[141],"transmission":[143],"fidelity;":[144],"our":[145],"offers":[147],"multi-physics":[149],"tool":[150],"electrodynamic":[152],"signaling":[153],"complex":[155],"architectures.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00"}