{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214062829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x","title":"Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on arrhythmic and device-therapy outcomes in heart failure patients with ICD/CRT-D: a systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on arrhythmic and device-therapy outcomes in heart failure patients with ICD/CRT-D: a systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214062829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206686666","display_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","issn_l":"1471-2261","issn":["1471-2261"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120425423","display_name":"Hafiz Umar Sohaib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0793-5551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0793-5551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125830269","display_name":"Services Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04c1d9r22","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125830269"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz Umar Sohaib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Services institute of medical sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Services institute of medical sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125830269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120425424","display_name":"Hafiza Hooria Zainab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2492-1072","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2492-1072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125830269","display_name":"Services Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04c1d9r22","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125830269"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hafiza Hooria Zainab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Services institute of medical sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Services institute of medical sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125830269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138199596","display_name":"Muhammad Farhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8389-0999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8389-0999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125830269","display_name":"Services Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04c1d9r22","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125830269"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Farhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Services institute of medical sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Services institute of medical sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125830269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080615501","display_name":"Muzamil Irshad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802129268","display_name":"Bahawal Victoria Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m9ba392","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802129268"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muzamil Irshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802129268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138299293","display_name":"Mohammad Jawad Khan Faridzai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088304","display_name":"Ghazni University","ror":"https://ror.org/0075h8406","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088304"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Jawad Khan Faridzai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghalib Medical University, Kabul, Afghanistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghalib Medical University, Kabul, Afghanistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119535810","display_name":"Ahsanullah Niazai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6408-0319","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6408-0319"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258240","display_name":"Spinghar Institute of Higher Education, Kabul","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9t6d21","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258240","https://openalex.org/I4405260201"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahsanullah Niazai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spinghar Instituite of Higher Education, Kabul, Afghanistan","Spinghar Institute of higher Education, Kabul, Afghanistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6408-0319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spinghar Instituite of Higher Education, Kabul, Afghanistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258240"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spinghar Institute of higher Education, Kabul, Afghanistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258240"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114208715","display_name":"Mah Rukh Nisar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299218025","display_name":"MetroHealth","ror":"https://ror.org/0377srw41","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299218025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mah Rukh Nisar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metro Health Sys/ Case western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metro Health Sys/ Case western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299218025","https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080615501","https://openalex.org/A5114208715","https://openalex.org/A5119535810","https://openalex.org/A5120425423","https://openalex.org/A5120425424","https://openalex.org/A5138199596","https://openalex.org/A5138299293"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125830269","https://openalex.org/I1299218025","https://openalex.org/I2802129268","https://openalex.org/I4210088304","https://openalex.org/I4405258240","https://openalex.org/I58956616"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81426994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10598","display_name":"Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10598","display_name":"Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.10019999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sglt2-inhibitors","display_name":"SGLT2 inhibitors","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"heart failure","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implantable-cardioverter-defibrillator","display_name":"implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crt-d","display_name":"CRT-D","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-arrhythmia","display_name":"cardiac arrhythmias","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/device-therapy","display_name":"device therapy","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiarrhythmic-effect","display_name":"antiarrhythmic effect","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure-with-reduced-ejection-fraction","display_name":"heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure-with-preserved-ejection-fraction","display_name":"heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","score":0.8970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.7734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555175668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539690","display_name":"Angiology","level":2,"score":0.6897000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6244999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778789114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235007","display_name":"Cardiac surgery","level":2,"score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.5698999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.4345000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777010666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498222","display_name":"Vascular surgery","level":3,"score":0.28290000557899475}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206686666","display_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","issn_l":"1471-2261","issn":["1471-2261"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06684-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206686666","display_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","issn_l":"1471-2261","issn":["1471-2261"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7412230372428894}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Sodium-glucose":[1],"cotransporter-2":[2],"inhibitors":[3],"(SGLT2i)":[4],"improve":[5],"heart":[6,66],"failure":[7,67],"outcomes,":[8],"but":[9],"their":[10],"association":[11],"with":[12,20,65,104,115,124,151,193,244],"arrhythmic":[13,302],"events":[14,99,145],"and":[15,36,42,55,68,100,106,118,120,131,175,224,271,286,309],"device-therapy":[16],"endpoints":[17],"in":[18,45,135,249,300],"patients":[19],"implantable":[21],"cardioverter-defibrillator":[22],"(ICD)":[23],"or":[24,71,84],"cardiac":[25],"resynchronization":[26],"therapy-defibrillator":[27],"(CRT-D)":[28],"devices":[29],"remains":[30,256],"uncertain.":[31,287],"Methods":[32],"This":[33],"systematic":[34],"review":[35],"meta-analysis":[37,88],"followed":[38],"PRISMA":[39],"2020":[40],"guidance":[41],"was":[43,94,113,149,191,230,242],"registered":[44],"PROSPERO":[46],"(CRD420261299813).":[47],"We":[48,127,288],"searched":[49],"PubMed,":[50],"PubMed":[51],"Central,":[52],"Google":[53],"Scholar,":[54],"ScienceDirect":[56],"through":[57],"01":[58],"March":[59],"2026":[60],"for":[61,96],"studies":[62,134,139,182,313],"of":[63,111,122,262,267,274,296],"adults":[64],"an":[69,77,305],"ICD/CRT-D,":[70],"device-based":[72],"rhythm":[73],"monitoring,":[74],"who":[75],"received":[76],"SGLT2":[78],"inhibitor":[79],"versus":[80],"placebo,":[81],"standard":[82],"therapy,":[83],"no":[85],"SGLT2i.":[86],"Random-effects":[87],"(DerSimonian-Laird":[89],"estimator,":[90],"log":[91],"risk-ratio":[92],"scale)":[93],"performed":[95],"any":[97,143,281],"arrhythmia":[98,144,282],"ICD":[101,185,250,275],"therapy":[102,148,186,190,241,251,276],"events,":[103,187,252,303],"leave-one-out":[105,174],"study-design-stratified":[107,176],"sensitivity":[108],"analyses.":[109],"Risk":[110],"bias":[112],"assessed":[114],"RoB":[116],"2":[117],"ROBINS-I,":[119],"certainty":[121],"evidence":[123,255],"GRADE.":[125],"Results":[126],"identified":[128],"169":[129],"records":[130],"included":[132],"8":[133],"the":[136,142,226,259,265],"review.":[137],"Five":[138],"contributed":[140,183],"to":[141,160,184,202,214,222,237],"meta-analysis;":[146],"SGLT2i":[147,189,240],"associated":[150,192,243],"a":[152,168,194,245,268,293,297],"non-significant":[153,172,285],"reduction":[154,196,248,299],"(RR":[155,178,197,217,232],"0.82,":[156],"95%":[157,199,219,234],"CI":[158,200,220,235],"0.53":[159],"1.25,":[161],"p":[162,204],"=":[163,166,205,208],"0.3485;":[164],"I2":[165,207],"62.5%),":[167],"result":[169],"that":[170,210],"stayed":[171],"across":[173,277],"analyses":[177],"range":[179],"0.69\u20130.92).":[180],"Four":[181],"where":[188],"significant":[195],"0.53,":[198],"0.38":[201],"0.74,":[203],"0.0002;":[206],"0.0%)":[209],"held":[211],"when":[212,225],"restricted":[213],"randomized":[215],"trials":[216],"0.59,":[218],"0.37":[221],"0.94)":[223],"single":[227],"before-after":[228,269],"study":[229],"excluded":[231],"0.52,":[233],"0.36":[236],"0.73).":[238],"Conclusion":[239],"significant,":[246],"design-consistent":[247],"though":[253],"this":[254],"low-certainty":[257],"given":[258],"small":[260],"number":[261],"contributing":[263],"studies,":[264],"inclusion":[266],"design,":[270],"inconsistent":[272],"definitions":[273],"studies.":[278],"The":[279],"broader":[280],"outcome":[283],"remained":[284],"interpret":[289],"these":[290],"findings":[291],"as":[292],"hypothesis-generating":[294],"signal":[295],"possible":[298],"device-treated":[301],"not":[304],"established":[306],"treatment":[307],"effect,":[308],"larger,":[310],"standardized,":[311],"device-focused":[312],"are":[314],"still":[315],"needed.":[316]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00"}