{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214049352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24506","title":"Proactive Incentive Regulation in Multi-Agent Systems with Environmental Feedback","display_name":"Proactive Incentive Regulation in Multi-Agent Systems with Environmental Feedback","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214049352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24506","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24506","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24506","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152485828","display_name":"Xinyang Cao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Xinyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science , Northwest A & F University , Yangling , 712100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science , Northwest A & F University , Yangling , 712100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008493224","display_name":"Shijia Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-060X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-060X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua, Shijia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science , Northwest A & F University , Yangling , 712100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science , Northwest A & F University , Yangling , 712100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134816930","display_name":"Linjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0286-8885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0286-8885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Linjie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science , Northwest A & F University , Yangling , 712100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science , Northwest A & F University , Yangling , 712100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.6151999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.6151999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.2709999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.03970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive-regulation","display_name":"incentive regulation","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-feedback","display_name":"environmental feedback","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-systems","display_name":"multi-agent systems","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperation","display_name":"cooperation","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tragedy-of-the-commons","display_name":"tragedy of the commons","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-dilemmas","display_name":"social dilemmas","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-constraints","display_name":"resource constraints","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistability","display_name":"bistability","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hopf-bifurcation","display_name":"Hopf bifurcation","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heteroclinic-cycles","display_name":"heteroclinic cycles","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-sustainability","display_name":"environmental sustainability","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15517945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334622","display_name":"Tragedy of the commons","level":3,"score":0.8051000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.8041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.6047999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12064787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4736552","display_name":"Alternative stable state","level":3,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49427245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9828451","display_name":"Commons","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97292510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304620","display_name":"Bistability","level":2,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83729063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12055115","display_name":"Common-pool resource","level":2,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018651601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183635","display_name":"Feedback control","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186886427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441213","display_name":"Feedback loop","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989271921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919526","display_name":"Environmental policy","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187206662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55607920","display_name":"Social dilemma","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993123774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920644","display_name":"Environmental systems","level":3,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153517567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26090","display_name":"Mechanism design","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24506","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24506","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.24506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24506","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24506","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2706316725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024M762633","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4146243780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62406255","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7515037888","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62306243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214049352.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214049352.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407098108","https://openalex.org/W7138855864","https://openalex.org/W4416113964","https://openalex.org/W4382318306","https://openalex.org/W4412430999","https://openalex.org/W4414446112","https://openalex.org/W4408673591","https://openalex.org/W4407988013","https://openalex.org/W7162240159","https://openalex.org/W4413251255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,41,101],"environmental":[1,13,36,48,142,154],"feedback":[2,49],"systems,":[3],"self-interested":[4],"behaviors":[5],"of":[6,31,90,125,133],"rational":[7],"agents":[8],"often":[9],"undermine":[10],"cooperation":[11,149],"and":[12,71,118],"sustainability.":[14],"Although":[15],"punitive":[16],"incentive":[17,54,66,136],"mechanisms":[18],"are":[19],"widely":[20],"recognized":[21],"as":[22],"effective":[23,146],"in":[24,80,105,135,147],"addressing":[25],"such":[26],"social":[27],"dilemmas,":[28],"the":[29,85,91,123,131],"timing":[30,134],"their":[32],"implementation":[33],"under":[34,68,140],"different":[35],"conditions":[37,143],"remains":[38],"insufficiently":[39],"understood.":[40],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"we":[44],"develop":[45],"a":[46,88,94],"multi-agent":[47],"game":[50],"framework":[51],"with":[52,65],"coupled":[53],"intensities":[55],"across":[56],"resource":[57],"states.":[58],"We":[59],"investigate":[60],"how":[61],"system":[62,86],"dynamics":[63],"vary":[64],"intensity":[67],"both":[69],"resource-abundant":[70,81],"resource-scarce":[72,106],"conditions.":[73],"Theoretical":[74],"analysis":[75],"shows":[76],"that":[77,97],"imposing":[78,103],"penalties":[79,104],"states":[82,107],"can":[83],"transform":[84],"from":[87],"tragedy":[89],"commons":[92],"into":[93],"bistable":[95],"regime":[96],"supports":[98],"full":[99],"cooperation.":[100,127],"contrast,":[102],"leads":[108],"to":[109],"complex":[110],"dynamical":[111],"behaviors,":[112],"including":[113],"interior":[114],"stability,":[115],"heteroclinic":[116],"cycles,":[117],"Hopf":[119],"bifurcations,":[120],"which":[121],"hinder":[122],"emergence":[124],"stable":[126],"These":[128],"results":[129],"highlight":[130],"importance":[132],"regulation.":[137],"Proactive":[138],"intervention":[139],"favorable":[141],"is":[144],"more":[145],"sustaining":[148],"than":[150],"delayed":[151],"enforcement":[152],"after":[153],"degradation.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00"}