{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214045247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.23428","title":"Impact on time delays due to milli-lensing by subhalos on lensed gravitational waves","display_name":"Impact on time delays due to milli-lensing by subhalos on lensed gravitational waves","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214045247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.23428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.23428","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23428","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.23428","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.23428","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114461829","display_name":"Ishan Swamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7755-8010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7755-8010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088227","display_name":"MIT World Peace University","ror":"https://ror.org/004ymxd45","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088227"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swamy, Ishan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University , Kothrud , Pune , 411038 , Maharashtra , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University , Kothrud , Pune , 411038 , Maharashtra , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068292696","display_name":"Anupreeta More","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7714-7076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7714-7076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166644833","display_name":"Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe","ror":"https://ror.org/02chw6z69","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166644833","https://openalex.org/I4405286593","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59781447","display_name":"Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/04etcj997","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59781447"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["IN","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"More, Anupreeta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics , Post Bag 4 , Ganeshkhind , Pune , 411007 , Maharashtra , India","Kavli IPMU (WPI) , UTIAS , The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , 277-8583 Chiba , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics , Post Bag 4 , Ganeshkhind , Pune , 411007 , Maharashtra , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59781447"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kavli IPMU (WPI) , UTIAS , The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , 277-8583 Chiba , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166644833","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120266671","display_name":"Ojas Patil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181996519","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune","ror":"https://ror.org/028qa3n13","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181996519"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patil, Ojas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune , 411008 , Maharashtra , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune , 411008 , Maharashtra , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181996519"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.7567999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.7567999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.20469999313354492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11090","display_name":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-matter-subhalos","display_name":"dark matter subhalos","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lensing-time-delays","display_name":"lensing time delays","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nfw-density-profile","display_name":"NFW density profile","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-matter-substructure","display_name":"dark matter substructure","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ligo-virgo-kagra","display_name":"LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA","score":0.781000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159249277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79925","display_name":"Dark matter","level":2,"score":0.762499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68498078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185243","display_name":"Gravitational lens","level":4,"score":0.661899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.6506999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38437897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7624558","display_name":"Strong gravitational lensing","level":5,"score":0.5794000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.517300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99679407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56761637","display_name":"Substructure","level":2,"score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.486299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4740999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190670322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13073796","display_name":"Weak gravitational lensing","level":4,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138125448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17018930","display_name":"Gravitational lensing formalism","level":5,"score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.3917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126320844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153477","display_name":"Cold dark matter","level":3,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.23428","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23428","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.23428","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.23428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.23428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.23428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.23428","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23428","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.23428","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214045247.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214045247.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6889896184","https://openalex.org/W7202352062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071799558","https://openalex.org/W2890763541","https://openalex.org/W7097049897","https://openalex.org/W7098940664","https://openalex.org/W7202352062","https://openalex.org/W7133996097","https://openalex.org/W4403208439","https://openalex.org/W2121639155","https://openalex.org/W7165648620","https://openalex.org/W1626457196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dark":[0],"matter":[1,18,32,65],"substructure":[2],"properties":[3],"such":[4,39],"as":[5,40],"their":[6,225],"mass":[7,74],"function":[8],"and":[9,19,51,91,133,210,245],"spatial":[10],"distribution":[11],"depend":[12],"on":[13,118,194,239],"the":[14,24,44,69,73,78,99,108,119,126,148,157,163,168,173,187,195,199,204,217,236,240],"nature":[15],"of":[16,23,63,72,87,110,113,125,156,159,189,224,247],"dark":[17,31,64],"are":[20,92,231],"strong":[21,128,190],"tests":[22],"cosmological":[25],"model.":[26],"Like":[27],"luminous":[28],"matter,":[29],"these":[30],"substructures":[33],"cause":[34,154],"gravitational":[35],"lensing":[36,120,164,175],"affecting":[37],"observables":[38],"time":[41,121,165,178,243],"delays.":[42],"Given":[43],"millisecond-level":[45],"timing":[46],"precision":[47,86],"achievable":[48],"with":[49,150],"current":[50],"future":[52],"gravitational-wave":[53],"(GW)":[54],"detectors,":[55],"gravitationally":[56],"lensed":[57,139,241],"GWs":[58],"provide":[59,84],"a":[60,85,88,131,134,142],"powerful":[61],"probe":[62],"substructure,":[66],"especially,":[67],"at":[68],"lower":[70],"end":[71],"function.":[75],"In":[76,103],"contrast,":[77],"optical":[79],"(or":[80],"electromagnetic)":[81],"observations":[82],"can":[83],"few":[89,160],"hours":[90,161],"thus,":[93],"not":[94,182],"sensitive":[95],"to":[96,162,233],"deflections":[97],"from":[98],"less":[100],"massive":[101],"subhalos.":[102],"this":[104],"work,":[105],"we":[106,214],"investigate":[107],"impact":[109,238],"realistic":[111],"population":[112],"DM":[114],"subhalos":[115,149,219],"($10^6-10^9":[116],"M_\\odot$)":[117],"delays":[122,166,244],"for":[123,141,203],"two":[124],"typical":[127],"lens":[129,191,212],"configurations,":[130],"fold":[132,209],"cusp,":[135],"seen":[136],"in":[137],"quadruply":[138],"sources":[140],"galaxy-scale":[143],"lens.":[144],"We":[145],"find":[146,215],"that":[147,216],"NFW":[151,218],"density":[152],"profiles":[153],"perturbations":[155],"order":[158],"between":[167],"macro-lensed":[169],"images":[170,223],"produced":[171,220],"by":[172,198],"main":[174],"galaxy.":[176],"These":[177],"delay":[179],"\"anomalies\",":[180],"if":[181],"accounted":[183],"for,":[184],"may":[185],"affect":[186],"results":[188],"searches":[192],"conducted":[193],"GW":[196,242],"data":[197],"LIGO--Virgo--Kagra":[200],"collaboration.":[201],"Lastly,":[202],"200":[205],"realisations":[206],"analysed":[207],"per":[208],"cusp":[211],"systems,":[213],"no":[221],"additional":[222],"own":[226],"called":[227],"milli-images.":[228,248],"Statistical":[229],"studies":[230],"needed":[232],"better":[234],"determine":[235],"expected":[237],"(non-)detection":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00"}
