{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214038565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.22382","title":"Mass in the Light of Special Relativity","display_name":"Mass in the Light of Special Relativity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214038565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.22382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.22382","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.22382","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.22382","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.22382","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022513686","display_name":"Francisco Caruso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-9762","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-9762"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125245","display_name":"Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\u00edsicas","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnmk332","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125245","https://openalex.org/I4210151455"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caruso, Francisco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\u00edsicas -CBPF Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de F\u00edsica de Altas Energias 22290-180 , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brasil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\u00edsicas -CBPF Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de F\u00edsica de Altas Energias 22290-180 , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brasil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077055000","display_name":"Vitor Oguri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5410-4863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5410-4863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40034438","display_name":"Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/0198v2949","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40034438"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oguri, Vitor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro -UERJ Departamento de F\u00edsica Nuclear e Altas Energias -DFNAE 20550-900 , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brasil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro -UERJ Departamento de F\u00edsica Nuclear e Altas Energias -DFNAE 20550-900 , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brasil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40034438"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.8095999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.8095999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.12389999628067017,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.027699999511241913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass","display_name":"Mass","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-relativity","display_name":"special relativity","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-energy-equivalence","display_name":"mass-energy equivalence","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-of-energy","display_name":"conservation of energy","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/momentum-conservation","display_name":"momentum conservation","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binding-energy","display_name":"binding energy","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadron-masses","display_name":"hadron masses","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quark-confinement","display_name":"quark confinement","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleon-mass","display_name":"nucleon mass","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-interaction","display_name":"strong interaction","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baryonic-matter","display_name":"baryonic matter","score":0.7269999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7893000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47513753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502299","display_name":"Energy\u2013momentum relation","level":2,"score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154153549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159731","display_name":"Baryon","level":2,"score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3445786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205805","display_name":"Conservation law","level":2,"score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7602139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6718","display_name":"Quark","level":2,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23134205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11455","display_name":"Special relativity","level":3,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149324446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43514","display_name":"Theory of relativity","level":2,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151987854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097654","display_name":"Invariant mass","level":2,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82189318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6987233","display_name":"Negative mass","level":2,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19694890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101667","display_name":"Hadron","level":2,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15580451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077640","display_name":"Mass formula","level":2,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153195114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7029","display_name":"Quark star","level":4,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60718061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414747","display_name":"Momentum (technical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28294206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177013","display_name":"Subatomic particle","level":3,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102999125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43116","display_name":"Elementary particle","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206611041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4393075","display_name":"Relativistic mechanics","level":3,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176616139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1890674","display_name":"Quark model","level":4,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778963380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221392","display_name":"Observable universe","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172790937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18343","display_name":"Dark energy","level":3,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52957995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11382","display_name":"Conservation of energy","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165129702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180892","display_name":"Solar mass","level":3,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200756819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068463","display_name":"Four-momentum","level":4,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.22382","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.22382","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.22382","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.22382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.22382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.22382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.22382","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.22382","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.22382","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214038565.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214038565.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7171614848","https://openalex.org/W7171802010","https://openalex.org/W6968347375","https://openalex.org/W7163022553","https://openalex.org/W7171641014","https://openalex.org/W7165860798","https://openalex.org/W4226350200","https://openalex.org/W4250010853","https://openalex.org/W7171682778","https://openalex.org/W7172160698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"text":[1],"analyzes":[2],"the":[3,12,28,31,38,53,59,65,68,71,80,89,92,98,111,117,122,126],"concept":[4],"of":[5,14,24,30,34,40,61,75,77,82,91,94,100,113],"mass":[6,41,55,81,112],"within":[7],"Special":[8],"Relativity,":[9],"initially":[10],"deconstructing":[11],"interpretation":[13],"Einstein's":[15],"equation":[16],"($\\varepsilon_\\circ":[17],"=":[18],"m":[19],"c^2$)":[20],"as":[21],"a":[22,83],"principle":[23],"equivalence.":[25],"Based":[26],"on":[27],"adoption":[29],"conservation":[32],"laws":[33],"momentum":[35],"and":[36,50],"energy,":[37],"non-additivity":[39],"in":[42,48,64,97,116],"composite":[43],"systems":[44,52],"is":[45,56,103,107],"established.":[46],"While":[47],"atomic":[49],"nuclear":[51],"total":[54],"less":[57],"than":[58,88],"sum":[60,90],"its":[62,95],"constituents,":[63],"subnuclear":[66],"domain":[67],"opposite":[69],"occurs:":[70],"positive":[72],"potential":[73],"energy":[74,127],"confinement":[76],"quarks":[78],"causes":[79],"hadron":[84],"to":[85],"be":[86],"greater":[87],"masses":[93],"quarks;":[96],"case":[99],"nucleons,":[101],"it":[102],"much":[104],"greater.":[105],"It":[106],"concluded,":[108],"then,":[109],"that":[110],"baryonic":[114],"matter":[115],"observable":[118],"Universe":[119],"comes,":[120],"for":[121],"most":[123],"part,":[124],"from":[125],"associated":[128],"with":[129],"strong":[130],"interactions.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00"}