{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214024713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24371","title":"VNS Tokamak for Medical Isotope Production","display_name":"VNS Tokamak for Medical Isotope Production","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214024713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24371","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24371","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24371","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120694676","display_name":"Christopher Ehrich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097247","display_name":"Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum","ror":"https://ror.org/00ed5g627","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097247"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehrich, Christopher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Applied Nuclear Technologies , School of Engineering and Design , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstra\u00dfe 15 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) , Lichtenbergstra\u00dfe 1 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Applied Nuclear Technologies , School of Engineering and Design , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstra\u00dfe 15 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) , Lichtenbergstra\u00dfe 1 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152447665","display_name":"Pavel Pereslavtsev","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pereslavtsev, Pavel","raw_affiliation_strings":["EUROfusion Consortium , FTD Department , Boltzmannstra\u00dfe 2 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EUROfusion Consortium , FTD Department , Boltzmannstra\u00dfe 2 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030937222","display_name":"C. Bachmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-457X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-457X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4180-2758"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bachmann, Christian","raw_affiliation_strings":["EUROfusion Consortium , FTD Department , Boltzmannstra\u00dfe 2 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EUROfusion Consortium , FTD Department , Boltzmannstra\u00dfe 2 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152480593","display_name":"Christian Reiter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097247","display_name":"Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum","ror":"https://ror.org/00ed5g627","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097247"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reiter, Christian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Applied Nuclear Technologies , School of Engineering and Design , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstra\u00dfe 15 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) , Lichtenbergstra\u00dfe 1 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Applied Nuclear Technologies , School of Engineering and Design , Technical University of Munich , Boltzmannstra\u00dfe 15 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) , Lichtenbergstra\u00dfe 1 , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097247"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.8008000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.8008000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","score":0.07270000129938126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.04580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-isotope-production","display_name":"medical isotope production","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-neutron-irradiation","display_name":"fusion neutron irradiation","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioisotope-production","display_name":"radioisotope production","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serpent-2","display_name":"Serpent 2","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openmc","display_name":"OpenMC","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-energy-spectrum","display_name":"neutron energy spectrum","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-2n-reaction","display_name":"(n,2n) reaction","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cobalt-60","display_name":"cobalt-60","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molybdenum-99","display_name":"molybdenum-99","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iodine-131","display_name":"iodine-131","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lutetium-177","display_name":"lutetium-177","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iridium-192","display_name":"iridium-192","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-64","display_name":"copper-64","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terbium-161","display_name":"terbium-161","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/samarium-153","display_name":"samarium-153","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-203","display_name":"lead-203","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-enriched-uranium-targets","display_name":"low-enriched uranium targets","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-heating","display_name":"target heating","score":0.5979999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779261148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5852","display_name":"Blanket","level":2,"score":0.840499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164304813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25276","display_name":"Isotope","level":2,"score":0.6830999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66963500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3338735","display_name":"Neutron transport","level":3,"score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177322064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750955","display_name":"Radiochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116515362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188589","display_name":"Tokamak","level":3,"score":0.5722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5365999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152568617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2348","display_name":"Neutron","level":2,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24671956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641442","display_name":"Fusion power","level":3,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81988546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239277","display_name":"Neutron flux","level":3,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135581772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1933427","display_name":"Mockup","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30421969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064418","display_name":"Neutron capture","level":3,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92664810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901707","display_name":"Neutron activation","level":3,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27251351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969703","display_name":"Neutron temperature","level":3,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158973077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192900","display_name":"Radionuclide","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181833780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926734","display_name":"Neutron source","level":3,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62538594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54389","display_name":"Tritium","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982764207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901707","display_name":"Neutron irradiation","level":3,"score":0.25999999046325684}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24371","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24371","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.24371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24371","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24371","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G115085052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101052200 EUROfusion","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334323","funder_display_name":"Euratom Research and Training Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G157624241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101052200\u2010EUROfusion","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319254","funder_display_name":"EUROfusion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2221327065","display_name":"Implementation of activities described in the Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon Europe through a joint programme of the members of the EUROfusion consortium","funder_award_id":"101052200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2293481551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101052200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334323","funder_display_name":"Euratom Research and Training Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3562821882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101052200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319254","funder_display_name":"EUROfusion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319254","display_name":"EUROfusion","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334323","display_name":"Euratom Research and Training Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334763","display_name":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6r0e97"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336863","display_name":"Leibniz-Rechenzentrum","ror":"https://ror.org/05558nw16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214024713.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214024713.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997164303","https://openalex.org/W4417087002","https://openalex.org/W7141108425","https://openalex.org/W7100188396","https://openalex.org/W4406750742","https://openalex.org/W4411485306","https://openalex.org/W2076017210","https://openalex.org/W285813743","https://openalex.org/W1915100213","https://openalex.org/W1566937417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25],"Volumetric":[1],"Neutron":[2],"Source":[3],"(VNS)":[4],"tokamak":[5],"is":[6,28],"a":[7,159],"proposed":[8],"fusion":[9,15],"reactor":[10],"for":[11,22,101,111,167,180],"testing":[12],"components":[13],"under":[14],"neutron":[16,90],"irradiation,":[17],"and":[18,34,45,52,103,124,132,155,171,185],"has":[19],"potential":[20,110],"use":[21],"radioisotope":[23],"production.":[24],"VNS":[26],"geometry":[27],"modeled":[29],"in":[30,49,65,82,89,98],"the":[31,50,61,139,144,181],"Serpent":[32,73,99],"2.2.2":[33,100],"OpenMC":[35,86],"0.15.2":[36],"neutronics":[37],"codes.":[38],"Coupled":[39],"neutron-photon":[40],"simulations":[41],"compared":[42],"fluxes,":[43],"spectra,":[44],"selected":[46],"reaction":[47],"rates":[48],"blanket":[51],"vacuum":[53],"vessel.":[54],"Good":[55],"agreement":[56],"was":[57,75,87,136,173],"found":[58,64,76],"overall,":[59],"with":[60],"largest":[62],"difference":[63],"(n,":[66],"2n)":[67],"reactions.":[68],"On":[69],"an":[70],"HPC":[71],"cluster,":[72],"2":[74],"to":[77,164,189,192],"have":[78],"shorter":[79],"computation":[80],"time":[81],"coupled":[83],"simulations,":[84],"while":[85,126],"faster":[88],"only":[91],"simulations.":[92],"Radioisotope":[93],"production":[94,114,151],"yields":[95],"were":[96],"simulated":[97],"capsule":[102],"Cobalt":[104],"plate":[105],"irradiation":[106,161,176],"facilities.":[107],"Results":[108],"indicate":[109],"large":[112],"volume":[113],"of":[115],"99Mo,":[116,168],"131I,":[117,169],"225Ac,":[118],"177Lu,":[119,170],"192Ir,":[120],"64Cu,":[121],"67Cu,":[122],"161Tb,":[123],"153Sm":[125],"203Pb":[127],"indicates":[128],"lower":[129],"potential.":[130],"100Mo":[131],"LEU":[133,140],"target":[134,141],"heating":[135],"calculated,":[137],"suggesting":[138,175],"mass":[142],"or":[143],"cooling":[145],"may":[146],"need":[147],"adjustment.":[148],"Optimized":[149],"60Co":[150,172,188],"yielded":[152],"1.2":[153],"GBq/mg":[154],"100,000":[156],"TBq":[157],"after":[158],"3-year":[160],"period.":[162],"Sensitivity":[163],"plant":[165,194],"outage":[166],"simulated,":[174],"can":[177],"be":[178,190],"restarted":[179],"same":[182],"isotope":[183],"loading":[184],"demonstrated":[186],"long-lived":[187],"robust":[191],"long":[193],"dwell-time.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00"}
