{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214022735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24222","title":"StAGE: Stellar Archaeology-driven Galaxy Evolution II. Binary Black Hole Mergers in Quiescent Galaxies and their Star-forming Progenitors","display_name":"StAGE: Stellar Archaeology-driven Galaxy Evolution II. Binary Black Hole Mergers in Quiescent Galaxies and their Star-forming Progenitors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214022735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24222","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24222","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24222","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152446640","display_name":"Irene Iorio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iorio, Irene","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061666272","display_name":"Andrea Lapi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-1735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-1735"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lapi, Andrea","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050717874","display_name":"Lumen Boco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-922X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-922X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boco, Lumen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093549074","display_name":"Giovanni Antinozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3537-682X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3537-682X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antinozzi, Giovanni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092103209","display_name":"Michele Bosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8215-6698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8215-6698"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bosi, Michele","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011430869","display_name":"Cecilia Sgalletta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7951-4820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7951-4820"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sgalletta, Cecilia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078512519","display_name":"Mario Spera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-6930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-6930"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spera, Mario","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148697188","display_name":"Luigi Danese","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danese, Luigi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.06310000270605087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-black-hole-mergers","display_name":"binary black hole mergers","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quiescent-galaxies","display_name":"quiescent galaxies","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merger-rate-density","display_name":"merger rate density","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-gravitational-wave-background","display_name":"stochastic gravitational wave background","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-envelope-evolution","display_name":"common envelope evolution","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-archaeology","display_name":"stellar archaeology","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-population-synthesis","display_name":"binary population synthesis","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globular-clusters","display_name":"globular clusters","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galaxy-main-sequence","display_name":"galaxy main sequence","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsolar-metallicity","display_name":"subsolar metallicity","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp-mass-distribution","display_name":"chirp mass distribution","score":0.7540000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8752999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7466999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32602459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913879","display_name":"Binary black hole","level":3,"score":0.6902999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.6876999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5544999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205327720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5518150","display_name":"Galaxy merger","level":4,"score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113461152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11276","display_name":"Globular cluster","level":3,"score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174802034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995140","display_name":"Galaxy formation and evolution","level":3,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110472602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6472","display_name":"Stellar evolution","level":3,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125857072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744","display_name":"Star formation","level":3,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48393594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168845","display_name":"Star cluster","level":3,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15153049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2731563","display_name":"Intergalactic star","level":5,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105500671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047034","display_name":"Stellar black hole","level":3,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156055797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204107","display_name":"Galaxy cluster","level":3,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182877743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155939","display_name":"Primordial black hole","level":4,"score":0.274399995803833}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24222","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24222","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.24222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24222","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24222","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410100368","https://openalex.org/W2338575335","https://openalex.org/W4400998278","https://openalex.org/W2745913421","https://openalex.org/W3188927148","https://openalex.org/W6931645193","https://openalex.org/W7140192522","https://openalex.org/W4380574508","https://openalex.org/W4379523061","https://openalex.org/W7221164820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,26,60,72],"apply":[1],"StAGE,":[2],"a":[3,81,100],"data-driven":[4],"galaxy-evolution":[5],"framework":[6],"based":[7],"on":[8,47,142],"stellar":[9,134],"archaeology,":[10],"to":[11,39,64,111],"study":[12],"binary":[13,36,49],"black":[14],"hole":[15],"(BBH)":[16],"mergers":[17],"in":[18,115,190],"quiescent":[19],"galaxies":[20],"(QGs)":[21],"and":[22,30,50,53,69,76,149,167,192,231],"their":[23,77,129],"star-forming":[24],"progenitors.":[25],"combine":[27],"StAGE":[28],"star-formation":[29],"chemical-enrichment":[31],"histories":[32],"with":[33,102,209],"pre-computed":[34],"SEVN":[35],"population-synthesis":[37],"catalogs":[38],"derive":[40],"the":[41,54,85,93,103,109,116,143,161,165,171,182,202,207,212,219,224,236],"BBH":[42,87],"merger-rate":[43,204],"density,":[44,205],"its":[45],"dependence":[46],"intrinsic":[48],"host-galaxy":[51],"properties,":[52],"associated":[55],"stochastic":[56,221],"gravitational-wave":[57],"(GW)":[58],"background.":[59],"assess":[61],"uncertainties":[62],"related":[63],"stellar-archaeology":[65],"prescriptions,":[66],"common-envelope":[67],"evolution,":[68],"$\u03b1$-enhanced":[70],"abundances.":[71],"find":[73],"that":[74],"QGs":[75],"progenitors":[78],"can":[79,195],"contribute":[80,152],"sizeable":[82],"fraction":[83],"of":[84,92,164,227,235],"cosmic":[86],"merger":[88,106],"rate.":[89],"For":[90],"most":[91],"binary-evolution":[94],"prescriptions":[95],"explored":[96],"here,":[97],"we":[98],"highlight":[99],"tension":[101,208],"local":[104],"LVK-inferred":[105],"rates,":[107],"underscoring":[108],"need":[110],"revisit":[112],"some":[113],"assumptions":[114],"underlying":[117],"modeling.":[118],"Most":[119],"BBHs":[120],"form":[121],"at":[122],"moderately":[123],"subsolar":[124],"metallicities,":[125],"$Z\\lesssim":[126],"Z_\\odot/3$,":[127],"while":[128],"merger-time":[130],"hosts":[131,139],"typically":[132],"have":[133],"masses":[135],"$M_\\star\\lesssim10^{11}\\,M_\\odot$.":[136],"At":[137],"$z\\gtrsim2$,":[138],"lie":[140],"mainly":[141],"galaxy":[144],"main":[145],"sequence,":[146],"whereas":[147],"starbursting":[148],"quenching":[150],"descendants":[151],"increasingly":[153],"toward":[154],"lower":[155],"redshift.":[156],"Isolated":[157],"binaries":[158],"broadly":[159],"reproduce":[160],"observed":[162],"bulk":[163],"primary-":[166],"chirp-mass":[168],"distributions,":[169],"but":[170,199],"predictions":[172],"decline":[173],"rapidly":[174],"above":[175],"$\\sim":[176],"40-50\\,M_\\odot$,":[177],"providing":[178],"little":[179],"support":[180],"for":[181,211],"highest-mass":[183],"systems":[184],"inferred":[185],"by":[186],"LVK.":[187],"Dynamical":[188],"formation":[189],"young":[191],"globular":[193],"clusters":[194],"populate":[196],"this":[197],"regime,":[198],"also":[200],"increases":[201],"total":[203],"exacerbating":[206],"LVK":[210,229],"fiducial":[213],"cluster":[214],"normalizations":[215],"adopted":[216],"here.":[217],"Finally,":[218],"predicted":[220],"background":[222],"approaches":[223],"projected":[225],"sensitivity":[226],"planned":[228],"upgrades":[230],"lies":[232],"within":[233],"reach":[234],"Einstein":[237],"Telescope.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00"}