{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214021985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24851","title":"The Sun can flip the shielding effect of added spacecraft mass","display_name":"The Sun can flip the shielding effect of added spacecraft mass","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214021985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24851","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24851","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24851","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107933029","display_name":"Yasser Maghrbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4960-7458","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4960-7458"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179311214","display_name":"Gulf University for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04d9rzd67","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179311214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201841394","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur","ror":"https://ror.org/019tgvf94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201841394"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124832","display_name":"Astrophysique Relativiste, Th\u00e9ories, Exp\u00e9riences, M\u00e9trologie, Instrumentation, Signaux","ror":"https://ror.org/031ah7413","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210124832","https://openalex.org/I4210126779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126779","display_name":"Observatoire de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur","ror":"https://ror.org/039fj2469","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210126779"]}],"countries":["FR","KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maghrbi, Yasser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gulf University for Science and Technology , Kuwait","Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur , Observatoire de la C\u00f4te d'Azur , CNRS , Laboratoire ARTEMIS , Nice 06300 , France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gulf University for Science and Technology , Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179311214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur , Observatoire de la C\u00f4te d'Azur , CNRS , Laboratoire ARTEMIS , Nice 06300 , France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210124832","https://openalex.org/I4210126779"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043299278","display_name":"Nelson L Christensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-4202","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-4202"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201841394","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur","ror":"https://ror.org/019tgvf94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201841394"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124832","display_name":"Astrophysique Relativiste, Th\u00e9ories, Exp\u00e9riences, M\u00e9trologie, Instrumentation, Signaux","ror":"https://ror.org/031ah7413","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210124832","https://openalex.org/I4210126779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126779","display_name":"Observatoire de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur","ror":"https://ror.org/039fj2469","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210126779"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christensen, Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur , Observatoire de la C\u00f4te d'Azur , CNRS , Laboratoire ARTEMIS , Nice 06300 , France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur , Observatoire de la C\u00f4te d'Azur , CNRS , Laboratoire ARTEMIS , Nice 06300 , France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210124832","https://openalex.org/I4210126779"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.8515999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.8515999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacecraft-shielding","display_name":"spacecraft shielding","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-activity","display_name":"solar activity","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-accumulation","display_name":"charge accumulation","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stray-electric-fields","display_name":"stray electric fields","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration-noise","display_name":"acceleration noise","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lisa","display_name":"LISA","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-wave-observatories","display_name":"gravitational wave observatories","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence-principle-tests","display_name":"equivalence principle tests","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-proton-flux","display_name":"solar proton flux","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cycle","display_name":"solar cycle","score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-budget","display_name":"noise budget","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5956000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5846999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5687999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.5439000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2265751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332007","display_name":"Electromagnetic shielding","level":2,"score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.4975999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4334000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109589588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253638","display_name":"Shields","level":3,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778002589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2406791","display_name":"Upset","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776463981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572666","display_name":"Spacecraft charging","level":3,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138081364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852013","display_name":"Shield","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113078167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3699481","display_name":"Shielding effect","level":3,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40937832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111","display_name":"Electric charge","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24851","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24851","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05756091v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05756091v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.24851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.24851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.24851","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24851","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214021985.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214021985.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6884880931","https://openalex.org/W6944287932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411984235","https://openalex.org/W2032942061","https://openalex.org/W4381144434","https://openalex.org/W2147829916","https://openalex.org/W4390617977","https://openalex.org/W2079165795","https://openalex.org/W1984209231","https://openalex.org/W2059387928","https://openalex.org/W2048992838","https://openalex.org/W4230560029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spacecraft":[0],"structure":[1,175],"is":[2,169],"usually":[3],"treated":[4],"as":[5],"shielding":[6],"against":[7],"energetic":[8],"particles.":[9],"We":[10],"find":[11],"that":[12,21,49],"the":[13,17,27,57,68,88,92,131,149,159,174],"Sun":[14],"can":[15],"reverse":[16],"effect":[18],"of":[19,30,143,165],"adding":[20],"structure.":[22],"Free-falling":[23],"test":[24],"masses":[25],"are":[26],"inertial":[28],"references":[29],"gravitational-wave":[31],"observatories":[32],"and":[33,45,125,146,158],"equivalence-principle":[34],"experiments;":[35],"charge":[36,154],"accumulated":[37],"on":[38],"them":[39],"couples":[40],"to":[41,62],"stray":[42],"electric":[43],"fields":[44],"produces":[46],"acceleration":[47],"noise":[48,161],"limits":[50],"sensitivity.":[51],"In":[52],"a":[53,103,110,127,166],"LISA-like":[54],"system,":[55],"increasing":[56],"surrounding":[58],"aluminium":[59],"from":[60],"16":[61],"24":[63],"g":[64,97],"cm":[65,98],"-2":[66,99],"reduces":[67],"stopping-proton":[69],"population":[70,129],"by":[71,81,173],"(2.3":[72],"$\\pm$":[73,83],"0.5)%":[74],"at":[75,85,106,113],"solar":[76,86,107],"minimum":[77,108],"but":[78,109],"increases":[79],"it":[80],"(17.0":[82],"1.0)%":[84],"maximum,":[87],"crossover":[89],"lying":[90],"in":[91,148],"deep-solar-minimum":[93],"regime.":[94],"Complete":[95],"2-24":[96],"mass":[100],"curves":[101],"show":[102],"broad":[104],"maximum":[105],"monotonic":[111],"rise":[112],"maximum.":[114],"The":[115,163],"reversal":[116],"arises":[117],"because":[118],"added":[119],"material":[120],"both":[121],"attenuates":[122],"incident":[123],"protons":[124],"feeds":[126],"nuclear-processed":[128],"into":[130],"stopping-energy":[132],"window.":[133],"A":[134],"first-order":[135],"projection":[136],"onto":[137],"published":[138],"charging":[139,151],"rates":[140],"gives":[141],"changes":[142],"about":[144],"-2%":[145],"+11%":[147],"net":[150],"rate,":[152],"affecting":[153],"accumulation,":[155],"discharge":[156],"requirements":[157],"associated":[160],"budget.":[162],"sign":[164],"structural":[167],"trade":[168],"therefore":[170],"not":[171],"fixed":[172],"alone.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00"}
