{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214012765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752892","title":"Geometry-dependent mRNA delivery with programmable RNA-DNA nanostructures","display_name":"Geometry-dependent mRNA delivery with programmable RNA-DNA nanostructures","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214012765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.19.752892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752892","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/22/2026.09.19.752892.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/22/2026.09.19.752892.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021448220","display_name":"Mengxi Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-6663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-6663"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271866","display_name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/036j6yj81","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengxi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-6663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046541450","display_name":"Abhisek Dwivedy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-8138","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-8138"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271866","display_name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/036j6yj81","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhisek Dwivedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-8138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004007753","display_name":"Dhanush Gandavadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3063-4408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3063-4408"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhanush Gandavadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3063-4408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072501991","display_name":"Wei Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7866-9917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7866-9917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271866","display_name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/036j6yj81","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7866-9917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040920778","display_name":"Hyeongjun Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0450-9840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0450-9840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeongjun Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0450-9840","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117102156","display_name":"Natalie Shkolnik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalie Shkolnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089614549","display_name":"Xing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-3287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-3287","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1749-7757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270447","display_name":"Cancer Center at Illinois","ror":"https://ror.org/00q345270","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270447"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271866","display_name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/036j6yj81","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-3287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405270447"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405271866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089614549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4405270447","https://openalex.org/I4405271866"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mrna-delivery","display_name":"mRNA delivery","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanostructure-geometry","display_name":"nanostructure geometry","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-vaccines","display_name":"cancer vaccines","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neoantigens","display_name":"neoantigens","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aptamers","display_name":"aptamers","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracellular-delivery","display_name":"intracellular delivery","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-function-relationship","display_name":"structure-function relationship","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleic-acid-delivery-systems","display_name":"nucleic acid delivery systems","score":0.7440000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5975000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5867000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983812674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134808","display_name":"Delivery system","level":2,"score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.5175999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24107716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123619","display_name":"Nucleic acid","level":2,"score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135983454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2790163","display_name":"Gene delivery","level":4,"score":0.41110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54009773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429031","display_name":"Transfection","level":3,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191908910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862838","display_name":"Synthetic biology","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186187911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093894","display_name":"Nanostructure","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645993","display_name":"Surface modification","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983331546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer therapy","level":3,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102063271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243183","display_name":"Precursor mRNA","level":5,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.19.752892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752892","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/22/2026.09.19.752892.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.19.752892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.19.752892","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/22/2026.09.19.752892.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332222","display_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","display_name":"Division of Materials Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01pc7k308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214012765.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214012765.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408026366","https://openalex.org/W7213453050","https://openalex.org/W7168172200","https://openalex.org/W7221259977","https://openalex.org/W4413780744","https://openalex.org/W7213461237","https://openalex.org/W4390484392","https://openalex.org/W7172497000","https://openalex.org/W7214004468","https://openalex.org/W4323350182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Efficient":[1],"intracellular":[2,106],"delivery":[3,24,28,35,89,107,127,138],"of":[4,12,23,43,63,77],"neoantigen-encoded":[5],"mRNAs":[6],"is":[7],"central":[8],"to":[9],"the":[10,20],"development":[11],"effective":[13],"cancer":[14],"vaccines":[15],"and":[16,79,85,102,128],"immunotherapies.":[17],"However,":[18],"how":[19,98],"nanoscale":[21],"geometry":[22],"carriers":[25],"impacts":[26],"mRNA":[27,65,99,126],"remains":[29],"poorly":[30],"understood,":[31],"largely":[32],"because":[33],"conventional":[34],"platforms":[36],"do":[37],"not":[38],"readily":[39],"permit":[40],"systematic":[41],"variation":[42],"carrier":[44,114],"architecture":[45],"while":[46],"maintaining":[47],"comparable":[48],"chemical":[49],"composition.":[50],"Here,":[51],"we":[52,73],"develop":[53],"a":[54,69,75,119,130],"modular":[55],"RNA-DNA":[56],"hybrid":[57],"nanoplatform":[58],"that":[59],"enables":[60],"controlled":[61],"investigation":[62],"geometry-dependent":[64],"delivery.":[66],"Guided":[67],"by":[68],"unified":[70],"design":[71],"principle,":[72],"construct":[74],"series":[76],"two-":[78],"three-dimensional":[80],"nanostructures":[81],"with":[82],"programmable":[83],"architectures":[84],"systematically":[86],"compare":[87],"their":[88],"performance":[90],"using":[91],"consistent":[92],"functional":[93],"readouts.":[94],"We":[95],"further":[96],"investigate":[97],"embedding":[100],"strategies":[101],"aptamer-mediated":[103],"functionalization":[104],"influence":[105],"efficiency.":[108],"By":[109],"providing":[110],"precise":[111],"control":[112],"over":[113],"geometry,":[115],"this":[116],"platform":[117],"establishes":[118],"framework":[120],"for":[121,133],"elucidating":[122],"structure-function":[123],"relationships":[124],"in":[125],"offers":[129],"versatile":[131],"strategy":[132],"engineering":[134],"targeted":[135],"nucleic":[136],"acid":[137],"systems.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00"}