{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213997039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.23757","title":"Extended three dimensional optical tweezers with a Single Gaussian Beam in a stratified medium","display_name":"Extended three dimensional optical tweezers with a Single Gaussian Beam in a stratified medium","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213997039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.23757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.23757","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23757","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.23757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.23757","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152447287","display_name":"Sramana Das","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127439422","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/00djv2c17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127439422"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Das, Sramana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur , India -741246"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur , India -741246","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127439422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113252506","display_name":"Suvajit Dey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127439422","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/00djv2c17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127439422"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dey, Suvajit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur , India -741246"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur , India -741246","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127439422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047391966","display_name":"Nirmalya Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-2117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-2117"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127439422","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/00djv2c17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127439422"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghosh, Nirmalya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur , India -741246"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur , India -741246","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127439422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061568091","display_name":"Subhasish Dutta Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7168-8549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7168-8549"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gupta, Subhasish Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152469860","display_name":"Ayan Banerjee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127439422","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/00djv2c17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127439422"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Banerjee, Ayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur , India -741246"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur , India -741246","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127439422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11897","display_name":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-beam","display_name":"Gaussian beam","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layered-media","display_name":"layered media","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index-tuning","display_name":"refractive index tuning","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spherical-aberration","display_name":"spherical aberration","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-lorenz-mie-theory","display_name":"generalized Lorenz-Mie theory","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-forces","display_name":"optical forces","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20198109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066633","display_name":"Optical tweezers","level":2,"score":0.9383999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777924906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34168","display_name":"Trapping","level":2,"score":0.7692999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6241999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778315978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944873","display_name":"Gaussian beam","level":3,"score":0.5672000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.5351999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.45890000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777079111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4372230","display_name":"Optical force","level":3,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15627037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541961","display_name":"Classification of discontinuities","level":2,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154452299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098853","display_name":"Optical field","level":3,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25227671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13405516","display_name":"Near and far field","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48983235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593161","display_name":"Light field","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781363786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192504","display_name":"Tweezers","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138395690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376733","display_name":"Cardinal point","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70638346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913798","display_name":"Spherical aberration","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.23757","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23757","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.23757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.23757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.23757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.23757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.23757","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23757","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.23757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320767","display_name":"University Grants Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04p800546"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327976","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/00djv2c17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213997039.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213997039.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984165068","https://openalex.org/W1996757117","https://openalex.org/W2609925188","https://openalex.org/W2547058869","https://openalex.org/W2260553165","https://openalex.org/W3096954391","https://openalex.org/W2157350398","https://openalex.org/W1536891175","https://openalex.org/W2084869551","https://openalex.org/W2011140218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"demonstrate":[1],"a":[2,14,22,65,120,146,170,185],"simple":[3],"and":[4,40,57,100,152,199],"effective":[5],"approach":[6],"for":[7,72,173],"realizing":[8],"extended":[9],"volumetric":[10,66],"optical":[11,103,125,176,181,191],"trapping":[12,48,59,134,138,150,153],"using":[13,179],"single":[15],"linearly":[16],"polarized":[17],"Gaussian":[18],"beam":[19,75],"propagating":[20],"through":[21],"stratified":[23],"medium":[24],"with":[25,89,108,142,160],"engineered":[26],"refractive":[27,166],"index":[28,167],"gradients.":[29],"On":[30],"modifying":[31],"the":[32,34,70,83,97,101,129],"gradients,":[33],"focal":[35],"field":[36,99],"undergoes":[37],"axial":[38,53,137],"elongation":[39],"develops":[41],"multiple":[42,132],"localized":[43],"intensity":[44],"maxima,":[45],"enabling":[46],"simultaneous":[47],"of":[49,131],"particles":[50],"at":[51],"distinct":[52],"planes.":[54],"Both":[55],"on-axis":[56],"off-axis":[58],"configurations":[60],"are":[61],"experimentally":[62],"observed,":[63],"forming":[64],"particle":[67],"distribution":[68],"without":[69],"need":[71],"complex":[73],"holographic":[74,190],"shaping.":[76],"A":[77],"rigorous":[78],"theoretical":[79],"framework":[80],"based":[81],"on":[82],"Debye":[84],"Wolf":[85],"diffraction":[86],"formalism":[87],"combined":[88],"Generalized":[90],"Lorenz-Mie":[91],"Theory":[92],"is":[93,156],"employed":[94],"to":[95,128,188],"model":[96],"focused":[98],"resulting":[102],"forces.":[104],"The":[105,136],"analysis,":[106],"substantiated":[107],"numerical":[109],"simulations,":[110],"shows":[111],"that":[112],"spherical":[113],"aberration":[114],"arising":[115],"from":[116],"refractive-index":[117],"discontinuities":[118],"plays":[119],"crucial":[121],"role":[122],"in":[123,157,195],"redistributing":[124],"energy,":[126],"leading":[127],"formation":[130],"stable":[133],"regions.":[135],"potential":[139],"decreases":[140],"monotonically":[141],"increasing":[143],"mismatch,":[144],"indicating":[145],"trade-off":[147],"between":[148],"multi-site":[149],"capability":[151],"potential,":[154],"which":[155],"quantitative":[158],"agreement":[159],"experimental":[161],"observations.":[162],"This":[163],"work":[164],"establishes":[165],"engineering":[168],"as":[169],"powerful":[171],"tool":[172],"tailoring":[174],"three-dimensional":[175],"force":[177],"landscapes":[178],"minimal":[180],"complexity,":[182],"thus":[183],"offering":[184],"scalable":[186],"alternative":[187],"conventional":[189],"tweezers":[192],"towards":[193],"applications":[194],"colloidal":[196],"assembly,":[197],"micromanipulation,":[198],"biophotonics.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00"}
