{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213984263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","title":"Differential Expression of Salivary Transcriptomic Biomarkers SAT1 and PSMB2 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case\u2013Control Study","display_name":"Differential Expression of Salivary Transcriptomic Biomarkers SAT1 and PSMB2 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case\u2013Control Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213984263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42846988","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13644918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141841","display_name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","issn_l":"0976-2361","issn":["0976-2361","0976-237X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088407965","display_name":"Nalini Aswath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-2493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-2493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131094","display_name":"Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/039tm4h11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131094"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nalini Aswath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101660801","display_name":"Usha Subbiah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-3758","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-3758"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131094","display_name":"Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/039tm4h11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131094"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usha Subbiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019301381","display_name":"Harini Venkata Subbiah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-7604","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-7604"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131094","display_name":"Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/039tm4h11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131094"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harini Venkata Subbiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152440857","display_name":"Athira Ajith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131094","display_name":"Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/039tm4h11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131094"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athira Ajith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126407157","display_name":"Sudhan Mookkandi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131094","display_name":"Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/039tm4h11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131094"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudhan Mookkandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088407965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131094"],"apc_list":{"value":250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":250},"apc_paid":{"value":250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67708985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"192","last_page":"196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11521","display_name":"Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions","score":0.8065999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11521","display_name":"Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions","score":0.8065999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.020600000396370888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sat1","display_name":"SAT1","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salivary-biomarkers","display_name":"salivary biomarkers","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression","display_name":"gene expression","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-diagnosis","display_name":"non-invasive diagnosis","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-diagnosis","display_name":"early diagnosis","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mrna-expression","display_name":"mRNA expression","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.8646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504460877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155925","display_name":"Saliva","level":2,"score":0.7971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.6391000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.5763999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5636000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014303","display_name":"Fold change","level":4,"score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5317999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107397762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2542347","display_name":"RNA-Seq","level":5,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48023723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856198","display_name":"Real-time polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145059251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310899","display_name":"microRNA","level":3,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165864922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411391","display_name":"Regulation of gene expression","level":3,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63363279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133848","display_name":"Clinical significance","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4692481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169526","display_name":"Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction","level":4,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141841","display_name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","issn_l":"0976-2361","issn":["0976-2361","0976-237X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42846988","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42846988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary clinical dentistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13644918","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13644918/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemp Clin Dent","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1865bc2eab34f608e4f53e3044a5413","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1865bc2eab34f608e4f53e3044a5413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, Vol 17, Iss 3, Pp 192-196 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_225_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141841","display_name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","issn_l":"0976-2361","issn":["0976-2361","0976-237X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987645827","https://openalex.org/W2040891344","https://openalex.org/W2084107384","https://openalex.org/W2102304447","https://openalex.org/W2113781514","https://openalex.org/W2127839469","https://openalex.org/W2157142504","https://openalex.org/W2804591825","https://openalex.org/W3037000541","https://openalex.org/W3084346878","https://openalex.org/W4223552134","https://openalex.org/W4396844463","https://openalex.org/W4404337096"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040891344","https://openalex.org/W1513348833","https://openalex.org/W4416904385","https://openalex.org/W2086986126","https://openalex.org/W3209586942","https://openalex.org/W4415024201","https://openalex.org/W4288074498","https://openalex.org/W2110222299","https://openalex.org/W3092460271","https://openalex.org/W7113590216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background:":[1],"Type":[2],"2":[3],"diabetes":[4],"mellitus":[5],"(T2DM)":[6],"is":[7],"the":[8,21,49,61,152,194,221,233,241],"most":[9],"common":[10],"underdiagnosed":[11],"metabolic":[12],"disease":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,31,150,166,180,190,249],"lack":[16],"of":[17,34,51,65,114,175,220,224,235,243,253],"recognizable":[18],"symptoms":[19],"in":[20,40,72,96,177,186,232,240],"early":[22,246,251],"phase.":[23],"T2DM":[24,52,88,178,187,236],"often":[25],"goes":[26],"undetected":[27],"for":[28,48],"years,":[29],"leading":[30],"high":[32,54],"rates":[33],"complications":[35],"and":[36,56,70,77,86,90,100,121,135,229],"mortality.":[37],"RNA":[38,132],"signatures":[39],"saliva":[41,103,234],"could":[42],"serve":[43],"as":[44,119],"valid,":[45],"noninvasive":[46,245],"biomarker":[47],"detection":[50],"with":[53,74,93,171],"sensitivity":[55],"specificity.":[57],"Aim:":[58],"To":[59],"analyze":[60],"relative":[62],"gene":[63,111,163],"expression":[64,112,133,223],"salivary":[66,115,225],"transcriptomic":[67,116,226],"biomarkers":[68,227],"SAT1":[69,120,162,208,228],"PSMB2":[71,122,183,197,230],"individuals":[73],"T2DM.":[75,254],"Settings":[76],"Design:":[78],"This":[79],"case\u2013control":[80],"study":[81,216],"included":[82],"two":[83,195],"groups:":[84],"age-":[85],"sex-matched":[87],"patients":[89,237],"healthy":[91,191],"controls,":[92,181],"50":[94],"participants":[95],"each":[97],"group.":[98],"Subjects":[99],"Methods:":[101],"Unstimulated":[102],"samples":[104],"were":[105,123,138],"collected":[106],"from":[107],"all":[108],"participants.":[109],"Relative":[110],"levels":[113,134],"biomarkers,":[117,196],"such":[118],"analyzed":[124],"using":[125,140],"real-time":[126],"polymerase":[127],"chain":[128],"reaction.":[129],"The":[130,161],"messenger":[131],"fold":[136,173],"changes":[137],"calculated":[139],"2-\u0394\u0394CT":[141],"method.":[142],"Statistical":[143],"Analysis:":[144],"Student\u2019s":[145],"t":[146],"-test":[147],"was":[148,164,184],"applied":[149],"check":[151],"P":[153,157,204],"value":[154],"significance":[155],"(":[156,203],"<":[158,205],"0.05).":[159],"Results:":[160],"found":[165],"be":[167],"downregulated":[168,185],"by":[169],"54%,":[170],"a":[172,199,244],"change":[174],"0.46":[176],"compared":[179,189],"while":[182],"when":[188],"controls.":[192],"Among":[193],"showed":[198],"statistically":[200],"significant":[201],"difference":[202],"0.05),":[206],"whereas":[207],"did":[209],"not":[210],"attain":[211],"statistical":[212],"significance.":[213],"Conclusion:":[214],"Our":[215],"demonstrated":[217],"that":[218],"analysis":[219],"genetic":[222],"genes":[231],"might":[238],"help":[239],"development":[242],"diagnostic":[247],"aid":[248],"facilitate":[250],"intervention":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00"}