{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213976510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116719","title":"Parathyroid Storm Secondary to a Parathyroid Adenoma Presenting With Recurrent Generalised Tonic-Clonic Seizures and Refractory Hypercalcaemia: A Case Report","display_name":"Parathyroid Storm Secondary to a Parathyroid Adenoma Presenting With Recurrent Generalised Tonic-Clonic Seizures and Refractory Hypercalcaemia: A Case Report","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213976510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116719","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923309","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13688286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.116719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116719","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/532234-parathyroid-storm-secondary-to-a-parathyroid-adenoma-presenting-with-recurrent-generalised-tonic-clonic-seizures-and-refractory-hypercalcaemia-a-case-report.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/532234-parathyroid-storm-secondary-to-a-parathyroid-adenoma-presenting-with-recurrent-generalised-tonic-clonic-seizures-and-refractory-hypercalcaemia-a-case-report.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152434300","display_name":"Reem Abdel-Aal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801249017","display_name":"Frimley Park Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03c75ky76","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801249017","https://openalex.org/I2802828768"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reem Abdel-Aal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Frimley Park Hospital, Farnborough, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Frimley Park Hospital, Farnborough, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801249017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110715898","display_name":"Mahzaib Babar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801249017","display_name":"Frimley Park Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03c75ky76","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801249017","https://openalex.org/I2802828768"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahzaib Babar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Frimley Park Hospital, Farnborough, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Frimley Park Hospital, Farnborough, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801249017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077528367","display_name":"Keshav Harivardhan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801249017","display_name":"Frimley Park Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03c75ky76","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801249017","https://openalex.org/I2802828768"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshav Harivardhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Frimley Park Hospital, Farnborough, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Frimley Park Hospital, Farnborough, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801249017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056638665","display_name":"Isuri Kurera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801249017","display_name":"Frimley Park Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03c75ky76","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801249017","https://openalex.org/I2802828768"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isuri Kurera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endocrinology and Diabetes, Frimley Park Hospital, Farnborough, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrinology and Diabetes, Frimley Park Hospital, Farnborough, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801249017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022722303","display_name":"Jennifer R Tringham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801249017","display_name":"Frimley Park Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03c75ky76","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801249017","https://openalex.org/I2802828768"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Tringham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diabetes and Endocrinology, Frimley Park Hospital, Farnborough, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diabetes and Endocrinology, Frimley Park Hospital, Farnborough, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801249017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110715898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801249017"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68471196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"e116719","last_page":"e116719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10516","display_name":"Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10516","display_name":"Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11728","display_name":"Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery","score":0.022099999710917473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11580","display_name":"Veterinary Medicine and Surgery","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parathyroid-adenoma","display_name":"parathyroid adenoma","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-hyperparathyroidism","display_name":"primary hyperparathyroidism","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-tonic-clonic-seizures","display_name":"generalized tonic-clonic seizures","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-encephalopathy","display_name":"metabolic encephalopathy","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parathyroidectomy","display_name":"parathyroidectomy","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pamidronate","display_name":"pamidronate","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cinacalcet","display_name":"cinacalcet","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denosumab","display_name":"denosumab","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcitonin","display_name":"calcitonin","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurological-complications","display_name":"neurological complications","score":0.4790000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9847000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780273267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4057495","display_name":"Parathyroid adenoma","level":3,"score":0.7638999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142424586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307572","display_name":"Refractory (planetary science)","level":2,"score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777428134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272741","display_name":"Adenoma","level":2,"score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778248654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650401","display_name":"Parathyroid gland","level":4,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780101865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4458080","display_name":"Thyroid storm","level":3,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781167329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7136148","display_name":"Parathyroid neoplasm","level":4,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.116719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116719","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/532234-parathyroid-storm-secondary-to-a-parathyroid-adenoma-presenting-with-recurrent-generalised-tonic-clonic-seizures-and-refractory-hypercalcaemia-a-case-report.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42923309","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Case Reports"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13688286","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13688286/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.116719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116719","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/532234-parathyroid-storm-secondary-to-a-parathyroid-adenoma-presenting-with-recurrent-generalised-tonic-clonic-seizures-and-refractory-hypercalcaemia-a-case-report.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Case Report","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213976510.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213976510.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986163940","https://openalex.org/W2020270234","https://openalex.org/W2029004607","https://openalex.org/W2067390911","https://openalex.org/W2499214176","https://openalex.org/W2900477576","https://openalex.org/W3010128822","https://openalex.org/W4292362404","https://openalex.org/W4315471161"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4299882870","https://openalex.org/W3009593747","https://openalex.org/W197675665","https://openalex.org/W4315471161","https://openalex.org/W2590851422","https://openalex.org/W2919234610","https://openalex.org/W2124843245","https://openalex.org/W2073515956","https://openalex.org/W2416882442","https://openalex.org/W1982604923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Parathyroid":[0],"storm":[1,147],"is":[2],"a":[3,20,41,92,134],"rare,":[4],"life-threatening":[5],"manifestation":[6],"of":[7,46,88,123,128,145,151,155],"primary":[8,25],"hyperparathyroidism":[9,26],"characterised":[10],"by":[11],"severe":[12,71,142],"hypercalcaemia":[13,159],"and":[14,33,36,60,65,111,126,131,148],"acute":[15],"multisystem":[16],"deterioration.":[17],"We":[18],"report":[19],"70-year-old":[21],"woman":[22],"with":[23,29,76,113],"known":[24],"who":[27],"presented":[28],"progressive":[30],"weakness,":[31],"confusion":[32],"reduced":[34,61],"mobility":[35],"was":[37],"found":[38],"to":[39,101,162],"have":[40],"corrected":[42],"serum":[43,124],"calcium":[44,125],"concentration":[45],"4.14":[47],"mmol/L.":[48],"Despite":[49],"aggressive":[50],"intravenous":[51],"hydration,":[52],"she":[53],"developed":[54],"recurrent":[55,114],"generalised":[56],"tonic-clonic":[57],"seizures,":[58],"hypoventilation":[59],"consciousness,":[62],"requiring":[63],"intubation":[64],"intensive":[66,163],"care":[67],"admission.":[68],"Electroencephalography":[69],"demonstrated":[70],"diffuse":[72],"cerebral":[73],"dysfunction":[74],"consistent":[75],"metabolic":[77],"encephalopathy,":[78],"while":[79],"cerebrospinal":[80],"fluid":[81],"studies":[82],"were":[83],"unremarkable.":[84],"Four-dimensional":[85],"computed":[86],"tomography":[87],"the":[89,141,149],"neck":[90],"identified":[91],"1.8":[93],"cm":[94],"right-sided":[95],"parathyroid":[96,136,146],"lesion.":[97],"Hypercalcaemia":[98],"remained":[99],"difficult":[100],"control":[102],"despite":[103],"multimodal":[104],"medical":[105,164],"therapy,":[106],"including":[107],"pamidronate,":[108],"calcitonin,":[109],"cinacalcet":[110],"denosumab,":[112],"rebound":[115],"hypercalcaemia.":[116],"Urgent":[117],"parathyroidectomy":[118],"resulted":[119],"in":[120],"sustained":[121],"normalisation":[122],"cessation":[127],"seizure":[129],"activity,":[130],"histopathology":[132],"confirmed":[133],"benign":[135],"adenoma.":[137],"This":[138],"case":[139],"highlights":[140],"neurological":[143],"complications":[144],"importance":[150],"early":[152],"multidisciplinary":[153],"consideration":[154],"definitive":[156],"surgery":[157],"when":[158],"remains":[160],"refractory":[161],"therapy.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00"}
