{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213956873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751359","title":"Inotropic effects of 3-hydroxybutyrate in a rodent heart: pressure-volume and isolated rat ventricular trabeculae analysis","display_name":"Inotropic effects of 3-hydroxybutyrate in a rodent heart: pressure-volume and isolated rat ventricular trabeculae analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213956873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.15.751359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751359","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.15.751359.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.15.751359.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139513924","display_name":"J Kropacek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4607-9217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4607-9217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127955","display_name":"Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036zr1b90","country_code":"CZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Krop\u00e1\u010dek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4607-9217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152369212","display_name":"Thu Thao Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0069-7018","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0069-7018"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127955","display_name":"Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036zr1b90","country_code":"CZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thu Thao Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0069-7018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152390958","display_name":"Ema Hajkova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127955","display_name":"Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036zr1b90","country_code":"CZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ema H\u00e1jkov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102585296","display_name":"Matej Molnar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5277-326X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5277-326X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127955","display_name":"Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036zr1b90","country_code":"CZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matej Moln\u00e1r","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5277-326X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062784927","display_name":"Luca Monzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-943X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-943X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100260","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier R\u00e9gional et Universitaire de Nancy","ror":"https://ror.org/016ncsr12","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100260"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155877","display_name":"D\u00e9faillance Cardiovasculaire Aigu\u00eb et Chronique","ror":"https://ror.org/05ft9wv42","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4387155877","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Monzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Centre d\u2019Investigations Cliniques Plurith\u00e9matique 1433 and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-943X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Centre d\u2019Investigations Cliniques Plurith\u00e9matique 1433 and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, FCRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210100260","https://openalex.org/I4387155877","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065408307","display_name":"Mat\u00fa\u0161 Miklovi\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-2583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-2583"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127955","display_name":"Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036zr1b90","country_code":"CZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mat\u00fa\u0161 Miklovi\u010d","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-2583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069131955","display_name":"Vojt\u011bch Melenovsk\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8921-7078","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8921-7078"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127955","display_name":"Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036zr1b90","country_code":"CZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vojt\u011bch Melenovsk\u00fd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8921-7078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069131955"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127955"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.018300000578165054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.01679999940097332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-hydroxybutyrate","display_name":"beta-hydroxybutyrate","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-inotropy","display_name":"myocardial inotropy","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/left-ventricular-end-systolic-elastance","display_name":"left ventricular end-systolic elastance","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventricular-arterial-coupling","display_name":"ventricular-arterial coupling","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-adrenergic-signaling","display_name":"beta-adrenergic signaling","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camp-signaling","display_name":"cAMP signaling","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metoprolol","display_name":"metoprolol","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isoproterenol","display_name":"isoproterenol","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-5-dideoxyadenosine","display_name":"2',5'-dideoxyadenosine","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"heart failure","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-bioenergetics","display_name":"myocardial bioenergetics","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-output","display_name":"cardiac output","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155710745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575278","display_name":"Inotrope","level":2,"score":0.9452000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779178603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356257","display_name":"Adenylyl cyclase","level":3,"score":0.6166999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6116999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.5232999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415550","display_name":"Isoprenaline","level":3,"score":0.5192000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178853913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Hemodynamics","level":2,"score":0.5169000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120770815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14859627","display_name":"Vasodilation","level":2,"score":0.5081999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68923441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289236","display_name":"Lusitropy","level":4,"score":0.48410001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146957229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266915","display_name":"Perfusion","level":2,"score":0.4724999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139940330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596579","display_name":"Cardiac output","level":3,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158328960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088369","display_name":"Chronotropic","level":4,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39133596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165683","display_name":"Contractility","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158453852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4684738","display_name":"Adrenergic","level":3,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72859922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11068","display_name":"Circulatory system","level":2,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26170363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981408","display_name":"Haemodynamic response","level":4,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40465926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410568","display_name":"Adrenergic receptor","level":3,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80461066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1698533","display_name":"Stroke volume","level":4,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778468042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273976","display_name":"Blockade","level":3,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.15.751359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751359","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.15.751359.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.15.751359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751359","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.15.751359.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213956873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213956873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166449134","https://openalex.org/W4386573343","https://openalex.org/W4393523731","https://openalex.org/W2977928429","https://openalex.org/W4398167662","https://openalex.org/W4396777267","https://openalex.org/W4387948620","https://openalex.org/W4396513223","https://openalex.org/W7036526677","https://openalex.org/W2040371251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"An":[1],"administration":[2,91],"of":[3,17,50,58,72,92,141,175,183,211],"3":[4],"hydroxy-butyrate":[5],"(3-OHB)":[6],"in":[7,151,158,163],"experimental":[8],"animals":[9],"or":[10,30,54,193],"humans":[11],"is":[12,40,209],"associated":[13],"with":[14,217,231],"an":[15],"increase":[16,155],"cardiac":[18],"output":[19],"(CO),":[20],"but":[21,154],"whether":[22],"this":[23],"hemodynamic":[24],"benefit":[25],"reflects":[26],"direct":[27,138,219],"myocardial":[28,44,59],"inotropy":[29,203],"heart":[31],"unloading":[32],"due":[33,47,55],"to":[34,48,56],"peripheral":[35],"vasodilation":[36],"remains":[37],"unclear.":[38],"It":[39],"also":[41],"unknown":[42],"if":[43],"effects":[45],"are":[46],"engagement":[49],"receptor-mediated":[51,212],"inotropic":[52,139,173,229],"response,":[53],"improvement":[57],"bioenergetics.":[60],"To":[61],"address":[62],"these":[63],"questions,":[64],"we":[65],"studied":[66],"integrated":[67],"cardiovascular":[68],"response":[69],"(pressure-volume":[70],"analysis":[71,120],"the":[73,164],"left":[74,78,123],"ventricle)":[75],"and":[76,96,100,109,115,132,185,204],"isolated":[77,144],"ventricular":[79,124],"(LV)":[80],"trabeculae":[81],"from":[82,236],"normotensive":[83],"male":[84],"HanSD":[85],"rats":[86],"(age":[87],"20-30":[88],"weeks)":[89],"after":[90],"3-OHB":[93,147,176,199,225],"(1":[94],"mmol/l)":[95],"drugs":[97],"targeting":[98],"adrenergic":[99,191],"cAMP-dependent":[101,238],"signaling":[102],"\u2013":[103],"metoprolol,":[104],"adenylyl":[105],"cyclase":[106],"inhibitor":[107],"2,5-dideoxyadenosine":[108],"isoprenaline,":[110],"during":[111],"Tyrode":[112],"solution":[113],"perfusion":[114],"1":[116],"Hz":[117],"pacing.":[118],"Pressure-volume":[119],"demonstrated":[121],"increased":[122,133,148],"end-systolic":[125],"elastance":[126],"(+34%),":[127],"improved":[128],"ventriculo-arterial":[129],"coupling":[130],"(+65%)":[131],"LV":[134,145,202],"efficiency":[135],"(+28%),":[136],"indicating":[137],"effect":[140,174],"3OHB.":[142],"In":[143],"trabeculae,":[146],"twitch":[149],"force":[150],"both":[152],"groups,":[153],"was":[156,177,186],"greater":[157],"healthy":[159],"hearts":[160],"(+55.8%)":[161],"than":[162],"HF":[165],"group":[166],"(+35.6%)":[167],"(":[168],"p":[169],"=":[170],"0.014).":[171],"The":[172],"not":[178,187],"further":[179],"augmented":[180],"by":[181,189,205],"coadministration":[182],"isoprenaline":[184],"attenuated":[188],"beta-1":[190],"blockade":[192],"cAMP":[194],"inhibition.":[195],"Results":[196],"suggest":[197],"that":[198,208],"directly":[200],"improves":[201],"a":[206,218,227,232],"mechanism":[207],"independent":[210],"\u03b2-adrenergic":[213],"signaling,":[214],"most":[215],"consistent":[216],"bioenergetic":[220],"pathway.":[221],"These":[222],"findings":[223],"support":[224],"as":[226],"candidate":[228],"agent":[230],"mechanistic":[233],"profile":[234],"distinct":[235],"conventional":[237],"inotropes.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00"}