{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213939016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003/pdf","title":"Numerical Optimization of Charge Transport Layers for Lead-Free All-Inorganic CsSnBr","display_name":"Numerical Optimization of Charge Transport Layers for Lead-Free All-Inorganic CsSnBr","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213939016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003/pdf"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:edpsciences.org:dkey/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003/pdf","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003/pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400744","display_name":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","host_organization_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152049222","display_name":"Ping-Yeh Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping-Yeh Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023382466","display_name":"C. B. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6937-0670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6937-0670"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Yu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57482706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10247","display_name":"Perovskite Materials and Applications","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10247","display_name":"Perovskite Materials and Applications","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.017999999225139618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cssnbr3","display_name":"CsSnBr3","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-free-perovskite-solar-cells","display_name":"lead-free perovskite solar cells","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-transport-layers","display_name":"charge transport layers","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-transport-layer","display_name":"electron transport layer","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hole-transport-layer","display_name":"hole transport layer","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tungsten-disulfide","display_name":"tungsten disulfide","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cu2o","display_name":"Cu2O","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sb2se3","display_name":"Sb2Se3","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monolithic-tandem","display_name":"monolithic tandem","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacial-recombination","display_name":"interfacial recombination","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-alignment","display_name":"band alignment","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaps-1d-simulation","display_name":"SCAPS-1D simulation","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thickness-optimization","display_name":"thickness optimization","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"power conversion efficiency","score":0.7210000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777814067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752317","display_name":"Tandem","level":2,"score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35390186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4854235","display_name":"Band diagram","level":3,"score":0.7247999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7026000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27067764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528769","display_name":"Conduction band","level":3,"score":0.6251999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103272658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528769","display_name":"Valence band","level":3,"score":0.6140999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5342000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104232198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865807","display_name":"Charge carrier","level":2,"score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47592295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4854276","display_name":"Band offset","level":4,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74575197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9941","display_name":"Non-blocking I/O","level":3,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.3765000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41999313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328","display_name":"Molecular physics","level":1,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172100665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7465774","display_name":"Thermal conduction","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125469278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806380","display_name":"Electronic band structure","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19181183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4854235","display_name":"Band bending","level":2,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181966813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806352","display_name":"Band gap","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79794668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616270","display_name":"Heterojunction","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106782819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501076","display_name":"Electron mobility","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156695909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373825","display_name":"Recombination","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:edpsciences.org:dkey/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003/pdf","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003/pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.e3s-conferences.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400744","display_name":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","host_organization_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202674201003","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9090999960899353}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213542960","https://openalex.org/W7171925962","https://openalex.org/W4394951300","https://openalex.org/W7202139587","https://openalex.org/W7214164021","https://openalex.org/W7213863635","https://openalex.org/W4317543068","https://openalex.org/W4408813008","https://openalex.org/W4406569389","https://openalex.org/W4404387563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"numerically":[2],"optimizes":[3],"charge":[4],"transport":[5,11,16],"layers":[6,12,17],"(CTLs),":[7],"encom-passing":[8],"both":[9],"electron":[10,64],"(ETLs)":[13],"and":[14,88,124,130,172,188,223,257],"hole":[15,122],"(HTLs),":[18],"primarily":[19,155],"for":[20,229,267],"the":[21,40,48,55,82,137,146,150,181,194,213,218,226,230],"CsSnBr3":[22,56],"top":[23,219],"subcell":[24,220],"in":[25,132],"a":[26,69,113,158,207,258,264],"lead-free":[27,270],"all-inorganic":[28],"CsSnBr3/":[29],"Sb2Se3":[30,231],"2-terminal":[31],"monolithic":[32,208],"tandem":[33,210,272],"solar":[34,273],"cell":[35],"using":[36],"SCAPS-1D":[37],"simulation.":[38],"Among":[39],"evaluated":[41],"ETLs":[42],"(TiO2,":[43],"ZnO0.3S0.7,":[44],"WS2),":[45],"WS2":[46,139],"demonstrated":[47],"most":[49],"favorable":[50],"conduction":[51,70],"band":[52,71,98,103,110],"alignment":[53],"with":[54,100,112,143],"absorber":[57,235],"(\u0394Ec":[58],"\u2248":[59,243],"0":[60],"eV),":[61],"enabling":[62],"barrier-free":[63],"injection,":[65],"whereas":[66],"ZnO0.3S0.7":[67],"exhibited":[68],"barrier":[72],"of":[73,116,180,250,261],"approximately":[74,117],"0.35":[75],"eV":[76,128],"that":[77],"impeded":[78],"carrier":[79,174],"transport.":[80],"For":[81],"HTLs,":[83],"three":[84],"representative":[85],"materials\u2014Spiro-Me-OTAD,":[86],"NiO,":[87],"Cu2O\u2014were":[89],"comparatively":[90],"screened":[91],"due":[92],"to":[93,153,164,167,197],"their":[94],"distinctly":[95],"different":[96],"valence":[97,109],"alignments":[99],"CsSnBr3.":[101],"Energy":[102],"diagram":[104],"analysis":[105],"revealed":[106],"Cu2O\u2019s":[107],"superior":[108],"matching":[111,240],"small":[114],"offset":[115],"0.15":[118],"eV,":[119],"facilitating":[120],"efficient":[121],"extraction":[123,175],"outperforming":[125],"Spiro-MeOTAD":[126,142],"(0.65":[127],"offset)":[129],"NiO":[131],"suppressing":[133],"interface":[134],"recombination.":[135],"Under":[136],"optimized":[138,200],"ETL,":[140],"replacing":[141],"Cu2O":[144,189],"boosted":[145],"single-junction":[147],"PCE":[148,196,260],"from":[149,162],"baseline":[151],"16.85%":[152],"19.68%,":[154],"driven":[156],"by":[157],"fill":[159],"factor":[160],"increase":[161],"74.69%":[163],"86.03%":[165],"owing":[166],"reduced":[168],"interfacial":[169],"recombination":[170],"losses":[171],"enhanced":[173],"efficiency.":[176],"Further":[177],"thickness":[178,236],"optimization":[179],"CTL":[182,201],"configuration\u2014WS2":[183],"ETL":[184],"at":[185,191,241],"0.1":[186],"nm":[187],"HTL":[190],"0.25":[192],"nm\u2014elevated":[193],"top-cell":[195],"19.78%.":[198],"These":[199],"configurations":[202],"were":[203],"then":[204],"integrated":[205],"into":[206],"2T":[209],"architecture,":[211],"where":[212],"filtered":[214],"spectrum":[215],"transmitted":[216],"through":[217,253],"was":[221],"calculated":[222],"used":[224],"as":[225],"incident":[227],"light":[228],"bottom":[232],"subcell;":[233],"subsequent":[234],"tuning":[237],"achieved":[238],"current":[239],"Jsc":[242],"18.38":[244],"mA/cm\u00b2,":[245],"yielding":[246],"an":[247],"open-circuit":[248],"voltage":[249,255],"2.0129":[251],"V":[252],"successful":[254],"summation":[256],"total":[259],"30.33%,":[262],"demon-strating":[263],"promising":[265],"pathway":[266],"high-performance,":[268],"fully":[269],"perovskite":[271],"cells.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00"}
