{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213919646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363440","title":"How age and underlying conditions affect incidence of hospitalization and death after documented COVID-19 diagnosis among individuals aged \u226520 years, a retrospective cohort study using PCORnet, April 2022 \u2013 March 2025","display_name":"How age and underlying conditions affect incidence of hospitalization and death after documented COVID-19 diagnosis among individuals aged \u226520 years, a retrospective cohort study using PCORnet, April 2022 \u2013 March 2025","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213919646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.26363440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363440","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.18.26363440.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.18.26363440.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001374012","display_name":"Emilia H. A. Koumans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7184-2107","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7184-2107"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19085752","display_name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/05je2tx78","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I19085752","https://openalex.org/I4210109567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emilia H. Koumans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19085752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032479064","display_name":"Gordana Derado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3346-0770","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3346-0770"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19085752","display_name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/05je2tx78","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I19085752","https://openalex.org/I4210109567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordana Derado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19085752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068938378","display_name":"Melisa M. Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7277-1547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7277-1547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19085752","display_name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/05je2tx78","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I19085752","https://openalex.org/I4210109567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melisa M. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19085752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066768082","display_name":"Nathan Graff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19085752","display_name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/05je2tx78","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I19085752","https://openalex.org/I4210109567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Graff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19085752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122382474","display_name":"Christine Draper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111543","display_name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care","ror":"https://ror.org/01zxdeg39","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Draper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210111543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021339593","display_name":"Sharon Saydah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-5300","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-5300","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0799-0924"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19085752","display_name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/05je2tx78","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I19085752","https://openalex.org/I4210109567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon Saydah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19085752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057368137","display_name":"Melissa Briggs\u2010Hagen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19085752","display_name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/05je2tx78","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I19085752","https://openalex.org/I4210109567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa Briggs Hagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19085752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010086010","display_name":"Joshua Lee Denson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-7765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-7765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua L. Denson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007400614","display_name":"Michael D. Kappelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0469-6856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0469-6856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Kappelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007852963","display_name":"Deepika Thacker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-397X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-397X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108049","display_name":"Nemours Children's Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01mzw6m29","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108049"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepika Thacker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nemours Children\u2019s Hospital, Wilmington, DE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nemours Children\u2019s Hospital, Wilmington, DE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086644778","display_name":"Edward J. Schenck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-5989","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-5989"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward J. Schenck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062731560","display_name":"Kshema Nagavedu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111543","display_name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care","ror":"https://ror.org/01zxdeg39","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kshema Nagavedu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210111543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038418845","display_name":"Tegan K. Boehmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-9555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-9555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tegan K. Boehmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inform and Disseminate Division, Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology, CDC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inform and Disseminate Division, Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology, CDC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122324150","display_name":"Diane Emerton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111543","display_name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care","ror":"https://ror.org/01zxdeg39","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane Emerton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210111543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004054528","display_name":"Thomas W. Carton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-1990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-1990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105677","display_name":"Louisiana Public Health Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01nacjv05","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105677"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas W. Carton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, LA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, LA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105677"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006592050","display_name":"Pragna Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-8194","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-8194"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19085752","display_name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/05je2tx78","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I19085752","https://openalex.org/I4210109567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pragna Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19085752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001765970","display_name":"Jason P. Block","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7660-9064","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7660-9064"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111543","display_name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care","ror":"https://ror.org/01zxdeg39","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111543"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason P. Block","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210111543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122317092","display_name":"PCORnet\u00ae Network Partners","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PCORnet\u00ae Network Partners","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001374012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19085752"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization","display_name":"hospitalization","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underlying-disease","display_name":"underlying disease","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-incidence","display_name":"cumulative incidence","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adults","display_name":"adults","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-severity","display_name":"COVID-19 severity","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"cancer","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-disease","display_name":"liver disease","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-disorders","display_name":"metabolic disorders","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney-disease","display_name":"kidney disease","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-conditions","display_name":"psychiatric conditions","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-disease","display_name":"lung disease","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurologic-conditions","display_name":"neurologic conditions","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pcornet","display_name":"PCORnet","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-records","display_name":"electronic health records","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7967000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73269764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954529","display_name":"Poisson regression","level":3,"score":0.7143999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88879693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative incidence","level":3,"score":0.6126999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4523000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192091488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3048982","display_name":"Cohort effect","level":3,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.26363440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363440","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.18.26363440.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.26363440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363440","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.18.26363440.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8808583735","display_name":"STRENGTHENING PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEMS AND SERVICES THROUGH NATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS TO IMPROVE AND PROTECT THE NATION'S HEALTH","funder_award_id":"NU38OT000316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","funder_display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G933756251","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6-NU38OT000316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","funder_display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213919646.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213919646.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007225159","https://openalex.org/W2025979859","https://openalex.org/W2059796825","https://openalex.org/W2087018232","https://openalex.org/W2115098571","https://openalex.org/W2118502261","https://openalex.org/W3017655871","https://openalex.org/W3043192034","https://openalex.org/W3045079087","https://openalex.org/W3086570102","https://openalex.org/W3087151262","https://openalex.org/W3089441656","https://openalex.org/W3110839392","https://openalex.org/W3110911514","https://openalex.org/W3112500788","https://openalex.org/W3114077186","https://openalex.org/W3175366879","https://openalex.org/W3204522926","https://openalex.org/W4225000896","https://openalex.org/W4226000943","https://openalex.org/W4282961551","https://openalex.org/W4294636903","https://openalex.org/W4318025356","https://openalex.org/W4362507457","https://openalex.org/W4386911052","https://openalex.org/W4390728615","https://openalex.org/W4404838612","https://openalex.org/W4406071316","https://openalex.org/W4409327608","https://openalex.org/W4417417561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362507457","https://openalex.org/W4310906484","https://openalex.org/W3168373263","https://openalex.org/W2025234561","https://openalex.org/W4294243299","https://openalex.org/W4404456049","https://openalex.org/W4200451787","https://openalex.org/W4403919154","https://openalex.org/W4291190565","https://openalex.org/W3043192034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"COVID-19":[2,11,33,51,86,233],"vaccinations,":[3],"therapeutics,":[4],"and":[5,25,71,80,94,108,114,126,135,153,165,179,230,262],"immunity":[6],"from":[7,42],"infection":[8],"have":[9],"reduced":[10],"severity.":[12],"It":[13],"is":[14,274],"unknown":[15],"to":[16,65,88,102],"what":[17],"extent":[18],"previously":[19],"identified":[20,45],"risk":[21],"factors":[22],"\u2013":[23],"age":[24,130,169,174,199,217,223,249,255],"underlying":[26,272],"medical":[27],"conditions":[28,128,273],"(UC)--remain":[29],"associated":[30,209,227,259,275],"with":[31,50,60,99,142,182,186,192,210,228,236,260,264,276],"severe":[32],"incidence.":[34],"Methods":[35],"Using":[36],"electronic":[37],"health":[38,109],"record":[39],"(EHR)":[40],"data":[41],"PCORnet,":[43],"we":[44],"individuals":[46],"aged":[47],"\u226520":[48],"years":[49],"during":[52],"April":[53],"2022-March":[54],"2025.":[55],"We":[56,111],"used":[57],"Poisson":[58],"regression":[59],"cluster-robust":[61],"sandwich":[62],"standard":[63],"errors":[64],"estimate":[66,89],"adjusted":[67],"cumulative":[68,145],"incidence":[69,146,211,244],"(aCI)":[70],"aCI":[72,113,176,189],"ratios":[73],"(aCIR)":[74],"for":[75,106,116,177],"hospitalization":[76,148,178,229,261],"within":[77,82],"16":[78],"days":[79,84],"mortality":[81,154,180,231,263],"30":[83],"of":[85,92,147,184,212,245,270],"diagnosis":[87],"the":[90,144,161,187],"association":[91],"UCs":[93,240],"UC":[95,101],"categories,":[96],"comparing":[97],"those":[98,103,191],"an":[100],"without":[104],"(adjusted":[105],"sociodemographic":[107],"characteristics).":[110],"examined":[112],"aCIR":[115,197],"cancer,":[117],"cardiac,":[118],"hepatic,":[119],"immunosuppression,":[120],"metabolic,":[121],"neurologic,":[122],"pulmonary,":[123],"renal,":[124],"psychiatric,":[125],"other":[127],"by":[129,198],"groups:":[131],"20-49,":[132,162],"50-64,":[133,163],"65-79,":[134,164],"80+":[136,166],"years.":[137,284],"Results":[138],"Among":[139],"1,662,679":[140],"patients":[141],"COVID-19,":[143],"(4.7%,":[149],"6.3%,":[150],"10.8%,":[151],"22.6%)":[152],"(0.11%,":[155],"0.42%,":[156],"1.0%,":[157],"3.6%)":[158],"increased":[159,181],"across":[160,248],"year":[167],"old":[168],"groups,":[170],"respectively.":[171],"Within":[172],"each":[173],"group,":[175],"number":[183],"UCs,":[185,203],"highest":[188],"among":[190,279],"3":[193],"or":[194,206,238,268],"more":[195,239,269],"UCs.":[196],"group":[200],"demonstrated":[201],"that":[202],"especially":[204],"2":[205],"more,":[207],"were":[208],"both":[213,246],"outcomes":[214,247,278],"in":[215],"all":[216],"groups.":[218,250],"Conclusion":[219],"Since":[220,252],"2022,":[221,253],"older":[222,254],"has":[224,256],"remained":[225,257],"strongly":[226,258],"after":[232],"diagnosis.":[234],"Adults":[235],"two":[237,267],"generally":[241],"had":[242],"higher":[243],"summary":[251],"COVID-19.":[265],"Having":[266],"certain":[271],"these":[277],"adults":[280],"younger":[281],"than":[282],"65":[283]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00"}