{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213898177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.751536","title":"Older Adults Forage Broadly for Information Despite Cost","display_name":"Older Adults Forage Broadly for Information Despite Cost","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213898177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.751536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.14.751536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.751536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.751536","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.14.751536.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.14.751536.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152317429","display_name":"Abigail Hedden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abigail Hedden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012422843","display_name":"David L. Barack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-4638","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-4638"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L. Barack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","Department of Philosophy and Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-4638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy and Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040917838","display_name":"Akram Bakkour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-4945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-4945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akram Bakkour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL","Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL","Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-4945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040917838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.8744999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.8744999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.048500001430511475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-seeking","display_name":"information seeking","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-learning","display_name":"reward learning","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-behavior","display_name":"search behavior","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motivation","display_name":"motivation","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthy-aging","display_name":"healthy aging","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187029079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958679","display_name":"Cognitive reframing","level":2,"score":0.6434999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5928000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5490999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986811735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4692577","display_name":"Cognitive aging","level":3,"score":0.46480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101097943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5176983","display_name":"Counterintuitive","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019887659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191089","display_name":"Older people","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776636917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3772297","display_name":"Information seeking","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178562925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186412","display_name":"Time preference","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110269972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184872","display_name":"Recreation","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134290984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141241","display_name":"Cognitive skill","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.14.751536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.751536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.751536","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.14.751536.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.14.751536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.751536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.14.751536","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.14.751536.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1703790591","display_name":"Explaining Universal Truths","funder_award_id":"63750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","funder_display_name":"John Templeton Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8697998697","display_name":"Memory as a source for value construction during decision making","funder_award_id":"2342775","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","display_name":"John Templeton Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/035tnyy05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213898177.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213898177.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1864551508","https://openalex.org/W1921980981","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1971929710","https://openalex.org/W1975244677","https://openalex.org/W1984132513","https://openalex.org/W2003309765","https://openalex.org/W2005198590","https://openalex.org/W2008565771","https://openalex.org/W2013830186","https://openalex.org/W2023225046","https://openalex.org/W2036924469","https://openalex.org/W2040549231","https://openalex.org/W2043326913","https://openalex.org/W2046056819","https://openalex.org/W2046752643","https://openalex.org/W2051221179","https://openalex.org/W2051648641","https://openalex.org/W2054698589","https://openalex.org/W2056746865","https://openalex.org/W2060319441","https://openalex.org/W2075304461","https://openalex.org/W2077018932","https://openalex.org/W2077583811","https://openalex.org/W2084124670","https://openalex.org/W2084403461","https://openalex.org/W2101194928","https://openalex.org/W2122234510","https://openalex.org/W2129300218","https://openalex.org/W2137666284","https://openalex.org/W2138832078","https://openalex.org/W2144878326","https://openalex.org/W2147130840","https://openalex.org/W2147390260","https://openalex.org/W2150629970","https://openalex.org/W2161763451","https://openalex.org/W2163647009","https://openalex.org/W2167125619","https://openalex.org/W2225712968","https://openalex.org/W2324419428","https://openalex.org/W2347050693","https://openalex.org/W2413573154","https://openalex.org/W2472231909","https://openalex.org/W2553932329","https://openalex.org/W2774486220","https://openalex.org/W2789073708","https://openalex.org/W2794361718","https://openalex.org/W2810961208","https://openalex.org/W2896027395","https://openalex.org/W2899529983","https://openalex.org/W2901164000","https://openalex.org/W2911633892","https://openalex.org/W2950502738","https://openalex.org/W2953926823","https://openalex.org/W2981150028","https://openalex.org/W2993378832","https://openalex.org/W3000476650","https://openalex.org/W3012469691","https://openalex.org/W3033639770","https://openalex.org/W3044601199","https://openalex.org/W3081352861","https://openalex.org/W3095203791","https://openalex.org/W3165642398","https://openalex.org/W3203169693","https://openalex.org/W4210342386","https://openalex.org/W4225415731","https://openalex.org/W4280608581","https://openalex.org/W4303413646","https://openalex.org/W4317582092","https://openalex.org/W4390581867","https://openalex.org/W4391746516","https://openalex.org/W4391849144","https://openalex.org/W4396610377","https://openalex.org/W4399290794","https://openalex.org/W7164496549","https://openalex.org/W7171881172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7061805362","https://openalex.org/W4391849144","https://openalex.org/W4399290794","https://openalex.org/W2051921690","https://openalex.org/W2222556888","https://openalex.org/W2048513885","https://openalex.org/W1850569256","https://openalex.org/W1933602861","https://openalex.org/W586540704","https://openalex.org/W7099995837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Healthy":[1],"aging":[2,212],"has":[3],"long":[4],"been":[5],"associated":[6],"with":[7,81,183,199,241],"impairments":[8],"in":[9,98,186,211,217],"learning":[10,48,87,168,202],"from":[11,36,143],"rewards.":[12],"However,":[13],"typical":[14],"paradigms":[15],"do":[16],"not":[17,227],"adequately":[18],"distinguish":[19],"between":[20],"being":[21,31],"motivated":[22,32],"by":[23,33],"information":[24,114,130,141,192,215,239],"to":[25,76,112,158,173,237],"learn":[26],"about":[27,49,73,208],"the":[28,50,53,66,82,96,144,178,231,235],"world":[29],"and":[30,86,127,166,193,213],"rewarding":[34],"outcomes":[35,145],"our":[37],"decisions.":[38],"The":[39],"present":[40],"study":[41],"describes":[42],"how":[43],"these":[44],"distinct":[45],"motivations":[46],"guide":[47],"environment":[51,189],"across":[52],"lifespan.":[54],"Participants":[55],"(N=169;":[56],"ages":[57],"18-71":[58],"[M=39,":[59],"SD=15.4])":[60],"completed":[61],"a":[62,79,137,187,221],"task":[63,97],"based":[64],"on":[65,78,95,140],"board":[67],"game":[68],"Battleship,":[69],"making":[70,122],"sequential":[71],"choices":[72,119,124],"which":[74,161],"tile":[75],"uncover":[77],"grid":[80],"goal":[83],"of":[84,100,146,233],"finding":[85],"hidden":[88],"shapes.":[89],"While":[90],"older":[91,134,195,218],"adults":[92,109,135,196,219],"performed":[93],"worse":[94],"terms":[99],"overall":[101],"score,":[102],"their":[103,118,147],"search":[104],"behavior":[105],"stabilized":[106],"earlier.":[107],"Older":[108],"also":[110],"preferred":[111],"seek":[113,159,238],"over":[115],"reward,":[116,194],"spreading":[117],"more":[120,123,129],"widely,":[121],"per":[125,131],"trial,":[126],"acquiring":[128],"trial.":[132],"Additionally,":[133],"showed":[136],"persistent":[138,222],"reliance":[139],"gained":[142],"choices.":[148],"These":[149],"findings":[150,205],"suggest":[151],"that,":[152],"as":[153,220],"individuals":[154],"age,":[155],"they":[156],"prefer":[157],"information,":[160],"earns":[162],"them":[163],"fewer":[164],"points":[165],"slows":[167],"but":[169],"incurs":[170],"no":[171,200,247],"cost":[172],"long-run":[174],"projected":[175,201],"performance.":[176],"Despite":[177],"conventional":[179],"view":[180],"linking":[181],"age":[182,242],"diminished":[184],"learning,":[185,229],"complex":[188],"that":[190,225],"disentangled":[191],"remained":[197],"engaged":[198],"deficits.":[203],"Our":[204],"challenge":[206],"assumptions":[207],"cognitive":[209],"decline":[210],"reframe":[214],"seeking":[216],"motivational":[223],"preference":[224],"need":[226],"serve":[228],"raising":[230],"question":[232],"why":[234],"drive":[236],"intensifies":[240],"even":[243],"when":[244],"it":[245],"confers":[246],"advantage.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00"}