{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213878369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363445","title":"Multi-component chlorination intervention to reduce neonatal infections in healthcare facilities in western Kenya (CLEAN Trial): study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial","display_name":"Multi-component chlorination intervention to reduce neonatal infections in healthcare facilities in western Kenya (CLEAN Trial): study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213878369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363445","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42818399","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13622318"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.26363445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363445","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.18.26363445.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.18.26363445.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043846710","display_name":"Yoshika S. Crider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3812-6517","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3812-6517"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshika S. Crider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023453335","display_name":"Mwale Chiyenge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mwale Chiyenge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049105119","display_name":"Erick Odoyo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-5716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-5716","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9533-2803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erick Odoyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Medical Research Institute/Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute/Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058997183","display_name":"Joyce Kisiangani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joyce Kisiangani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004049340","display_name":"Jeremy Lowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-9954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-9954"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Lowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092119527","display_name":"Josline Wangia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josline Wangia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Medical Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126571255","display_name":"Blastus Bwire","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100649","display_name":"Remit Kenya (Kenya)","ror":"https://ror.org/015pm1582","country_code":"KE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100649"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blastus Bwire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remit Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remit Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152354657","display_name":"Mwanzia Kioko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mwanzia Kioko","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARE Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARE Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152376627","display_name":"Kelly Alexander","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308534623","display_name":"CARE USA","ror":"https://ror.org/038espn32","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308534623","https://openalex.org/I4210121728"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly T. Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARE USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARE USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308534623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007581424","display_name":"Carol Nekesa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100649","display_name":"Remit Kenya (Kenya)","ror":"https://ror.org/015pm1582","country_code":"KE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100649"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Nekesa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remit Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remit Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043408234","display_name":"Lillian A. Musila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1418-6523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1418-6523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lillian Musila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Medical Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109371021","display_name":"PA Otieno","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Phelgona Otieno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Medical Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061386593","display_name":"Amy J. Pickering","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-2221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-2221"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amy J. Pickering","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley; Biohub, San Francisco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-2221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley; Biohub, San Francisco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043408234","https://openalex.org/A5061386593","https://openalex.org/A5109371021"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11961","display_name":"Neonatal and Maternal Infections","score":0.05420000106096268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorination","display_name":"chlorination","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-infection","display_name":"neonatal infection","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosocomial-infections","display_name":"nosocomial infections","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-sepsis","display_name":"maternal sepsis","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria","display_name":"antibiotic-resistant bacteria","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-contamination","display_name":"environmental contamination","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine-based-disinfectants","display_name":"chlorine disinfectants","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectal-colonization","display_name":"rectal colonization","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-touch-surfaces","display_name":"high-touch surfaces","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-hygiene","display_name":"hand hygiene","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-kenya","display_name":"Western Kenya","score":0.4099999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8205999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6632000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32762888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235356","display_name":"Carriage","level":2,"score":0.5605000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166888038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118322","display_name":"Infection control","level":2,"score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176400912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3058662","display_name":"Cluster randomised controlled trial","level":3,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88879693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative incidence","level":3,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777919664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552461","display_name":"Hand washing","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73984","display_name":"Disinfectant","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775949068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4260475","display_name":"Health facility","level":4,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.26363445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363445","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.18.26363445.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:42818399","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42818399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13622318","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13622318/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.26363445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.18.26363445","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/21/2026.09.18.26363445.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Study Protocol","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315389","display_name":"Open Philanthropy Project","ror":"https://ror.org/004d1k391"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213878369.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213878369.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966399267","https://openalex.org/W1969426309","https://openalex.org/W1972008949","https://openalex.org/W1980341623","https://openalex.org/W2025833127","https://openalex.org/W2070383019","https://openalex.org/W2112669742","https://openalex.org/W2150648788","https://openalex.org/W2168519960","https://openalex.org/W2513901369","https://openalex.org/W2783336644","https://openalex.org/W2785488953","https://openalex.org/W2786703948","https://openalex.org/W2918835316","https://openalex.org/W2961462897","https://openalex.org/W2963806845","https://openalex.org/W2965708820","https://openalex.org/W2972945544","https://openalex.org/W3020370756","https://openalex.org/W3151221590","https://openalex.org/W4223585840","https://openalex.org/W4366989144","https://openalex.org/W4383199099","https://openalex.org/W4385973360","https://openalex.org/W4391296818","https://openalex.org/W4409878505","https://openalex.org/W4413796832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086265375","https://openalex.org/W2476684281","https://openalex.org/W3111183353","https://openalex.org/W4414327694","https://openalex.org/W2792294488","https://openalex.org/W1544885674","https://openalex.org/W2319272680","https://openalex.org/W259190951","https://openalex.org/W1986907106","https://openalex.org/W2805561201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,206],"proportion":[2],"of":[3,99,141,165,172,209,217,227,248,266,268,281],"births":[4],"occurring":[5],"at":[6],"healthcare":[7,17,54,288],"facilities":[8,18,55,117],"is":[9,22,43],"rising":[10],"globally,":[11],"yet":[12],"the":[13,69,97,210,215,218,221,243,261,279],"birthing":[14],"environment":[15],"in":[16,19,53,85,92,121,203,242,260],"low-income":[20],"settings":[21],"often":[23],"contaminated":[24],"with":[25,137,169,184],"bacterial":[26,186,195,228,251],"pathogens,":[27,30],"including":[28,291],"antibiotic-resistant":[29],"that":[31],"can":[32],"lead":[33],"to":[34,49,56,76,95,126,148,162,180,193,213,286],"serious":[35,250],"infections":[36,84],"for":[37,46,132,176],"newborns":[38],"and":[39,63,80,107,109,155,167,202,236,256,295,298],"their":[40,64,237],"mothers.":[41,65],"There":[42],"a":[44,100,122,128,138,170,282],"need":[45],"effective":[47],"strategies":[48],"reduce":[50,57,77,287],"environmental":[51,105],"contamination":[52,106],"infection":[58,111,166,252],"risks":[59],"among":[60,233,253],"facility-born":[61,234,254],"neonates":[62,235],"Methods:":[66],"We":[67],"designed":[68],"CLEAN":[70],"(":[71],"C":[72],"h":[73],"L":[74],"orine":[75],"E":[78],"nteric":[79],"A":[81],"ntibiotic":[82],"resistant":[83,293],"N":[86],"eonates)":[87],"cluster":[88],"randomized":[89,120],"controlled":[90],"trial":[91],"western":[93],"Kenya":[94],"evaluate":[96,214],"impact":[98,216],"multi-component":[101],"chlorination":[102,130,284],"intervention":[103,219,285],"on":[104,197,220,278],"maternal":[108,270,297],"neonatal":[110,299],"risks.":[112],"Thirty-six":[113],"medium-sized":[114],"public":[115],"health":[116],"will":[118,152,190,275],"be":[119,153,191],"1:1":[123],"allocation":[124],"ratio":[125],"receive":[127],"passive":[129],"technology":[131],"water":[133,204],"supply":[134,140],"treatment":[135],"paired":[136],"reliable":[139],"chlorine-based":[142],"disinfectant":[143],"or":[144],"status":[145],"quo.":[146],"Up":[147],"22,500":[149],"mothers-neonate":[150],"dyads":[151,174],"enrolled":[154],"followed":[156],"from":[157],"birth":[158],"through":[159],"28":[160],"days":[161,246,264],"collect":[163],"symptoms":[164,267],"mortality,":[168],"subset":[171],"mother-neonate":[173],"selected":[175],"rectal":[177,182,225],"swab":[178],"collection":[179],"measure":[181,194],"colonization":[183],"sepsis-associated":[185],"species.":[187],"Environmental":[188],"samples":[189],"collected":[192],"pathogens":[196,229],"staff":[198],"hands,":[199],"high-touch":[200],"surfaces,":[201],"supply.":[205],"primary":[207],"objectives":[208],"study":[211,274],"are":[212],"following":[222],"outcomes:":[223],"(1)":[224],"carriage":[226],"one":[230],"week":[231],"post-birth":[232,247,265],"mothers,":[238],"(2)":[239],"cumulative":[240,258],"incidence":[241,259],"first":[244,262],"7":[245,263,308],"possible":[249,269],"neonates,":[255],"(3)":[257],"sepsis.":[271],"Discussion:":[272],"This":[273],"generate":[276],"evidence":[277],"effectiveness":[280],"novel":[283],"associated":[289],"infections,":[290,294],"antibiotic":[292],"improve":[296],"survival.":[300],"Trial":[301],"registration:":[302],"Clinical":[303],"Trials":[304],"NCT06824350":[305],".":[306],"Registered":[307],"February":[309],"2025,":[310],"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06824350.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00"}