{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213675618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.19844","title":"Trust, but Validate the Instrument: Auditing AI-Generated RTL Verification Plans on Authored Security-Regression Proxies","display_name":"Trust, but Validate the Instrument: Auditing AI-Generated RTL Verification Plans on Authored Security-Regression Proxies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213675618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.19844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.19844","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19844","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.19844","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.19844","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153951430","display_name":"Xiao Hang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726977","display_name":"Fortinet (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/049sjm257","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726977"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao, Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fortinet, Inc. Sunnyvale , CA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fortinet, Inc. Sunnyvale , CA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726977"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005699088","display_name":"\u8bb8\u695a\u5b8f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3447-2558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3447-2558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Chuhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony Corporate of America San Jose , CA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Corporate of America San Jose , CA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152784454","display_name":"Kainan Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Kainan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google LLC Mountain View , CA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google LLC Mountain View , CA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152839524","display_name":"Gangzhen Qian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian, Gangzhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google LLC Mountain View , CA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google LLC Mountain View , CA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150961755","display_name":"Lu Yi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi, Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google LLC Mountain View , CA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google LLC Mountain View , CA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.4666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.4666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.08110000193119049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.07609999924898148,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rtl-verification","display_name":"RTL verification","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security","display_name":"hardware security","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-testing","display_name":"regression testing","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema-validation","display_name":"schema validation","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrument-validation","display_name":"instrument validation","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prompt-engineering","display_name":"prompt engineering","score":0.4050000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7684000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.6672000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.6434000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133112747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251931","display_name":"Protocol analysis","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.19844","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19844","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.19844","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:23230656","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:2609.19844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cyber-AI, 22\u201325 September, 2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.19844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.19844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.19844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23230655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23230655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23230655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23230656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23230656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23230656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.19844","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19844","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.19844","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213675618.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213675618.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7202334293","https://openalex.org/W7218623689","https://openalex.org/W7166456848","https://openalex.org/W7143938687","https://openalex.org/W7216098057","https://openalex.org/W7134278925","https://openalex.org/W7168336817","https://openalex.org/W7171949763","https://openalex.org/W7223368736","https://openalex.org/W7160258065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AI-generated":[0],"RTL":[1],"verification":[2],"plans":[3],"can":[4],"satisfy":[5,151],"a":[6,62,69],"provider":[7,56,79,117],"schema":[8,119],"yet":[9],"fail":[10],"at":[11,41],"the":[12,55,87,102,132,138,152,165],"boundary":[13],"to":[14,175],"trusted":[15],"execution.":[16],"We":[17,99,163],"present":[18],"SecTB-RTL,":[19],"an":[20,105],"auditable":[21],"framework":[22],"covering":[23],"31":[24],"tasks":[25],"and":[26,38,93,108,127,156,171],"124":[27],"authored":[28],"hardware-security":[29],"regressions.":[30],"A":[31,142],"deterministic":[32],"non-AI":[33],"baseline":[34],"killed":[35],"36,":[36],"75,":[37],"78":[39],"mutants":[40],"increasing":[42],"resource":[43],"limits.":[44],"The":[45,78,91],"first":[46],"confirmatory":[47],"run":[48,73,103],"(C1-R2)":[49],"failed":[50],"before":[51],"model":[52,183],"execution":[53,94,124],"because":[54,147],"rejected":[57],"its":[58],"response":[59],"schema.":[60],"After":[61],"schema-only":[63],"repair":[64],"made":[65],"without":[66],"viewing":[67],"outcomes,":[68],"separately":[70],"frozen":[71],"follow-up":[72,144],"(C1-R3)":[74],"completed":[75],"1,860":[76],"calls.":[77],"accepted":[80],"1,857":[81],"responses,":[82],"but":[83],"only":[84,130,159],"nine":[85],"passed":[86],"production":[88,140],"semantic":[89],"validator.":[90],"generation":[92],"rules":[95],"did":[96,149],"not":[97,122,150],"match.":[98],"therefore":[100],"preserve":[101],"as":[104,160,182],"instrument-validation":[106],"incident":[107,114,169],"report":[109],"no":[110],"prompt-effect":[111],"estimate.":[112],"This":[113],"shows":[115],"that":[116],"or":[118],"acceptance":[120],"does":[121],"establish":[123],"validity.":[125],"Compilation":[126],"coverage":[128],"are":[129],"diagnostics;":[131],"exact":[133],"saved":[134],"artifact":[135],"must":[136],"pass":[137],"full":[139],"path.":[141],"subsequent":[143],"is":[145,157],"excluded":[146],"it":[148],"preregistered":[153],"evidence-completeness":[154],"gate":[155],"treated":[158],"future":[161],"work.":[162],"release":[164],"benchmark,":[166],"failure-preserving":[167],"contract,":[168],"provenance,":[170],"governance":[172],"controls":[173],"needed":[174],"prevent":[176],"infrastructure":[177],"behavior":[178],"from":[179],"being":[180],"misreported":[181],"behavior.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00"}