{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213628574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7490400","title":"Trading Metal for Lives: What Real-World Warfare Teaches About the Future of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs)","display_name":"Trading Metal for Lives: What Real-World Warfare Teaches About the Future of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213628574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7490400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7490400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7490400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7490400","pdf_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/7490400.pdf?abstractid=7490400&mirid=1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/7490400.pdf?abstractid=7490400&mirid=1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148824503","display_name":"PAULO DOMINONNI","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6312-850X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6312-850X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Dominonni","raw_affiliation_strings":["DOMMI AEROSPACE E DEFESA, Avenida Santa In\u00eas - de 1401/1402 a 2053/2054, S\u00e3o Paulo, 02415-002, Brazil","ORCID, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6312-850X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DOMMI AEROSPACE E DEFESA, Avenida Santa In\u00eas - de 1401/1402 a 2053/2054, S\u00e3o Paulo, 02415-002, Brazil","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCID, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5148824503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14423","display_name":"Military Technology and Strategies","score":0.7865999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14423","display_name":"Military Technology and Strategies","score":0.7865999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.21199999749660492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-ground-vehicles","display_name":"unmanned ground vehicles","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russia-ukraine-war","display_name":"Russian invasion of Ukraine","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/casualty-evacuation","display_name":"casualty evacuation","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teleoperation","display_name":"teleoperation","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-in-the-loop","display_name":"human-in-the-loop","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-environment","display_name":"electromagnetic environment","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survivability","display_name":"survivability","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component-commonality","display_name":"component commonality","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-architecture","display_name":"open architecture","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defense-industrial-base","display_name":"defense industrial base","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defense-procurement","display_name":"defense acquisition","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-development-strategy","display_name":"industrial development strategy","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198766705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29171","display_name":"Infantry","level":2,"score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.5846999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5734000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187029079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958679","display_name":"Cognitive reframing","level":2,"score":0.4514999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.38769999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34101116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229765","display_name":"Watercraft","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145424490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618465","display_name":"Remotely operated underwater vehicle","level":4,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988724468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392933","display_name":"Defence industry","level":2,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64848388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188867","display_name":"Futures studies","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777877512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116097","display_name":"Common ground","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167740415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2876213","display_name":"Aerospace","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986359222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8683","display_name":"Cold war","level":3,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30322324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194156","display_name":"Cockpit","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780179797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345844","display_name":"Crew","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7490400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7490400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7490400","pdf_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/7490400.pdf?abstractid=7490400&mirid=1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22847499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22847499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22847499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22847500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22847500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22847500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7490400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7490400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7490400","pdf_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/7490400.pdf?abstractid=7490400&mirid=1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213628574.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213628574.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7169640794","https://openalex.org/W7168420819","https://openalex.org/W7166818693","https://openalex.org/W7139080991","https://openalex.org/W2987321460","https://openalex.org/W7204850972","https://openalex.org/W7125812842","https://openalex.org/W4416178365","https://openalex.org/W7153786041","https://openalex.org/W7204820803"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00"}
