{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213623957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397","title":"Cardiovascular\u2013Kidney\u2013Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Life-Course Continuum from Obesity and Insulin Resistance to Cardiovascular and Renal Disease","display_name":"Cardiovascular\u2013Kidney\u2013Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Life-Course Continuum from Obesity and Insulin Resistance to Cardiovascular and Renal Disease","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213623957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Cardiology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7213623957"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121856931","display_name":"Ashraf T. Soliman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49828101","display_name":"Hamad Medical Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/02zwb6n98","country_code":"QA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49828101"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf T. Soliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49828101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109670705","display_name":"Abdallah Mansour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-4050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-4050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143414431","display_name":"Essentia Health","ror":"https://ror.org/019ssje31","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143414431"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah Mansour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section Chair, Cardiovascular Medicine, Essentia Health Heart & Vascular Center, Fargo, ND, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section Chair, Cardiovascular Medicine, Essentia Health Heart & Vascular Center, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143414431"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025215854","display_name":"Mostafa Elbaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-4737","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-4737"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49828101","display_name":"Hamad Medical Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/02zwb6n98","country_code":"QA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49828101"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Elbaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49828101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121856931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49828101"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"500","last_page":"514"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.02500000037252903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-obesity","display_name":"childhood obesity","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyslipidemia","display_name":"dyslipidemia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-dysfunction","display_name":"renal dysfunction","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-hyperfiltration","display_name":"renal hyperfiltration","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-dysfunction","display_name":"endothelial dysfunction","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arterial-stiffness","display_name":"arterial stiffness","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotid-intima-media-thickness","display_name":"carotid intima-media thickness","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventricular-remodeling","display_name":"ventricular remodeling","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiometabolic-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiometabolic risk factors","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-onset-type-2-diabetes","display_name":"youth-onset type 2 diabetes","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-treatment","display_name":"obesity treatment","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-and-adolescents","display_name":"children and adolescents","score":0.824999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8927000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.7502999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.5048999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779422640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241451","display_name":"Childhood obesity","level":4,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163276114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484591","display_name":"Natural history","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019040382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476921","display_name":"End stage renal disease","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Cardiology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05756458v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05756458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Cardiology Research, 2026, 9 (1), pp.500-514","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajcr/2026/v9i1397","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Cardiology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416161289","https://openalex.org/W1988849441","https://openalex.org/W7172276538","https://openalex.org/W7220725632","https://openalex.org/W2100862073","https://openalex.org/W7118013627","https://openalex.org/W2074616461","https://openalex.org/W4416505972","https://openalex.org/W7144198278","https://openalex.org/W2154907314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Cardiovascular,":[1],"kidney,":[2],"and":[3,17,20,31,68,77,99,106,116,140,159,174,204],"metabolic":[4,141],"disorders":[5],"are":[6,135],"increasingly":[7],"recognised":[8],"as":[9,186],"interconnected":[10],"across":[11],"the":[12,38,41,167],"life":[13],"course.":[14],"In":[15],"children":[16],"adolescents,":[18],"obesity":[19],"insulin":[21,58,92],"resistance":[22],"may":[23,162,193],"coexist":[24],"with":[25,137,153],"hypertension,":[26,64,96],"dyslipidaemia,":[27,65,95],"dysglycaemia,":[28],"kidney":[29,66],"abnormalities,":[30],"early":[32,154],"cardiovascular":[33,69,139,173],"injury.":[34],"This":[35],"review":[36,51],"evaluates":[37],"applicability":[39],"of":[40,166],"cardiovascular\u2013kidney\u2013metabolic":[42],"(CKM)":[43],"framework":[44],"to":[45],"paediatric":[46,56,172,199],"practice.":[47],"Methods:":[48],"Structured":[49],"narrative":[50],"synthesised":[52],"PubMed/MEDLINE-indexed":[53],"evidence":[54,85],"spanning":[55],"obesity,":[57],"resistance,":[59,93],"type":[60,145],"2":[61,146],"diabetes":[62,147],"mellitus,":[63],"dysfunction,":[67,98],"phenotypes.":[70],"Systematic":[71],"reviews,":[72],"evidence-based":[73],"guidelines,":[74],"randomised":[75],"trials,":[76],"longitudinal":[78,202],"cohorts":[79],"were":[80],"prioritised.":[81],"Results:":[82],"The":[83],"reviewed":[84],"indicates":[86],"that":[87,130],"excess":[88],"adiposity":[89],"can":[90],"promote":[91],"inflammation,":[94],"endothelial":[97],"renal":[100,107,175],"hyperfiltration,":[101],"thereby":[102],"linking":[103],"metabolic,":[104],"cardiovascular,":[105],"pathways.":[108],"Increased":[109],"arterial":[110],"stiffness,":[111],"greater":[112],"carotid":[113],"intima-media":[114],"thickness,":[115],"adverse":[117],"ventricular":[118],"remodelling":[119],"have":[120],"been":[121],"identified":[122],"in":[123,195],"high-risk":[124],"young":[125],"people.":[126],"Longitudinal":[127],"findings":[128],"show":[129],"childhood":[131],"cardiometabolic":[132],"risk":[133],"factors":[134],"associated":[136],"later":[138],"outcomes,":[142],"while":[143],"youth-onset":[144],"represents":[148],"a":[149,187],"particularly":[150],"severe":[151],"phenotype":[152],"multiorgan":[155],"complications.":[156],"Newer":[157],"anti-obesity":[158],"antihyperglycaemic":[160],"therapies":[161],"modify":[163],"several":[164],"components":[165],"CKM":[168,181],"pathway,":[169],"although":[170],"long-term":[171,205],"outcome":[176],"data":[177],"remain":[178,208],"limited.":[179],"Conclusion:":[180],"syndrome":[182],"is":[183],"best":[184],"viewed":[185],"life-course":[188],"continuum":[189],"whose":[190],"biological":[191],"trajectory":[192],"begin":[194],"childhood.":[196],"Developmentally":[197],"adapted":[198],"staging,":[200],"validated":[201],"biomarkers,":[203],"intervention":[206],"studies":[207],"important":[209],"research":[210],"priorities.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00"}
