{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213618207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810","title":"Optimal educational intervention strategies for cognitive learning dynamics","display_name":"Optimal educational intervention strategies for cognitive learning dynamics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213618207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182769","display_name":"Results in Control and Optimization","issn_l":"2666-7207","issn":["2666-7207"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Control and Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152227976","display_name":"Khadija Ikaddi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0973-6000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0973-6000"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khadija Ikaddi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0973-6000","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026696051","display_name":"Ilyas Sitli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2532-1225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2532-1225"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilyas Sitli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2532-1225","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031130654","display_name":"Fouad Lahmidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0359-1451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0359-1451"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fouad Lahmidi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0359-1451","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108826228","display_name":"Mohammed Sbaa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Sbaa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035107297","display_name":"Driss Gretete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-3969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-3969","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8663-663X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Driss Gretete","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-3969","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1470},"apc_paid":{"value":1470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1470},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"100810","last_page":"100810"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13106","display_name":"Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function","score":0.02630000002682209,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12522","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Pedagogy","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-dynamics","display_name":"learning dynamics","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compartmental-model","display_name":"compartmental model","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroeducation","display_name":"neuroeducation","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"working memory","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-memory-consolidation","display_name":"long-term memory consolidation","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrieval-practice","display_name":"retrieval practice","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spaced-repetition","display_name":"spaced repetition","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout-prevention","display_name":"school dropout prevention","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogical-support","display_name":"pedagogical support","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"optimal control","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pontryagin-s-maximum-principle","display_name":"Pontryagin maximum principle","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-stability","display_name":"local stability","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-analysis","display_name":"sensitivity analysis","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-intervention-strategies","display_name":"educational intervention strategies","score":0.6570000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.43950000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187029079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958679","display_name":"Cognitive reframing","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92393732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790374","display_name":"Learning theory","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182769","display_name":"Results in Control and Optimization","issn_l":"2666-7207","issn":["2666-7207"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Control and Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:459841a359224d5cb68067156eeab046","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/459841a359224d5cb68067156eeab046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Results in Control and Optimization, Vol 25, Iss , Pp 100810- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rico.2026.100810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182769","display_name":"Results in Control and Optimization","issn_l":"2666-7207","issn":["2666-7207"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Control and Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964374616","https://openalex.org/W1994712460","https://openalex.org/W2010242617","https://openalex.org/W2025221131","https://openalex.org/W2097731551","https://openalex.org/W2112680994","https://openalex.org/W2112917626","https://openalex.org/W2114563525","https://openalex.org/W2130167438","https://openalex.org/W2167404615","https://openalex.org/W2432567885","https://openalex.org/W2914319828","https://openalex.org/W4224311727","https://openalex.org/W4230702305","https://openalex.org/W4284891267","https://openalex.org/W4323338580","https://openalex.org/W4366603664","https://openalex.org/W4385436290","https://openalex.org/W4389618856","https://openalex.org/W4390103605","https://openalex.org/W4396688580","https://openalex.org/W4399982465","https://openalex.org/W4400618135","https://openalex.org/W4404336051","https://openalex.org/W4406614458","https://openalex.org/W4415657761","https://openalex.org/W4415936166","https://openalex.org/W4416040863","https://openalex.org/W4416273936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7131118419","https://openalex.org/W4376649700","https://openalex.org/W2171087168","https://openalex.org/W7111373479","https://openalex.org/W2030673081","https://openalex.org/W7221756311","https://openalex.org/W2087708727","https://openalex.org/W7219825016","https://openalex.org/W7164542554","https://openalex.org/W3112714883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,102],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"a":[3,11,104,198],"compartmental":[4],"mathematical":[5,191],"model":[6,25],"describing":[7],"learning":[8,62,82,118,204],"dynamics":[9,205],"within":[10],"large":[12],"educational":[13,22,210],"population":[14,144,174],"is":[15,69,85,100,107,124],"proposed":[16],"based":[17],"on":[18],"concepts":[19],"inspired":[20],"by":[21,145,175],"neuroscience.":[23],"The":[24,81,157],"incorporates":[26],"key":[27],"cognitive":[28],"processes,":[29],"including":[30],"working":[31],"memory,":[32],"long-term":[33,61,142,172],"memory":[34,42],"consolidation,":[35],"forgetting":[36],"dynamics,":[37],"retrieval":[38],"practice,":[39],"and":[40,53,64,77,92,193,206],"adaptive":[41],"retention.":[43],"Three":[44],"optimal":[45,130,194],"control":[46,131,163,195],"strategies":[47,164],"representing":[48],"spaced":[49,137],"repetition,":[50],"pedagogical":[51],"support,":[52],"dropout":[54,149],"reduction":[55,150],"interventions":[56],"are":[57,90],"introduced":[58],"to":[59,72,109,127],"improve":[60],"outcomes":[63],"reduce":[65],"forgetting.":[66,186],"Theoretical":[67],"analysis":[68,106],"carried":[70],"out":[71],"establish":[73],"the":[74,87,93,97,111,117,129,140,161,166,170,180],"positivity,":[75],"boundedness,":[76],"existence":[78],"of":[79,96,154,160],"solutions.":[80],"persistence":[83,119],"threshold":[84],"derived,":[86],"equilibrium":[88,99],"points":[89],"characterized,":[91],"local":[94],"stability":[95],"learning-free":[98],"established.":[101],"addition,":[103],"sensitivity":[105],"performed":[108],"identify":[110],"parameters":[112],"that":[113,136,190],"most":[114],"strongly":[115],"influence":[116],"threshold.":[120],"Pontryagin\u2019s":[121],"Maximum":[122],"Principle":[123],"then":[125],"applied":[126],"characterize":[128],"strategies.":[132,212],"Numerical":[133],"simulations":[134],"demonstrate":[135,189],"repetition":[138],"increases":[139],"final":[141,171],"learner":[143,173],"approximately":[146,176],"36.04%,":[147],"while":[148,183],"achieves":[151],"an":[152],"improvement":[153],"about":[155],"110.81%.":[156],"combined":[158],"application":[159],"three":[162],"provides":[165],"best":[167],"performance,":[168],"increasing":[169],"160.40%":[177],"compared":[178],"with":[179],"uncontrolled":[181],"scenario,":[182],"substantially":[184],"reducing":[185],"These":[187],"results":[188],"modeling":[192],"theory":[196],"provide":[197],"useful":[199],"quantitative":[200],"framework":[201],"for":[202],"analyzing":[203],"designing":[207],"effective":[208],"neuroscience-inspired":[209],"intervention":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00"}