{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213616706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261475897","title":"Structure, Staffing, and Factors Influencing Infection Control Nurses: Findings From an IPCAF-Based Survey and Delphi Consensus Study in Hospitals","display_name":"Structure, Staffing, and Factors Influencing Infection Control Nurses: Findings From an IPCAF-Based Survey and Delphi Consensus Study in Hospitals","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213616706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261475897","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42973714","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13724966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/23779608261475897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261475897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261475897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168612","display_name":"SAGE Open Nursing","issn_l":"2377-9608","issn":["2377-9608"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261475897","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053035508","display_name":"Aswin Sugunan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-1813","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-1813"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aswin Sugunan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Management, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tiruchirappalli Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-1813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Management, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tiruchirappalli Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089738525","display_name":"Shalini Ganesh Nayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-7827","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-7827"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shalini Ganesh Nayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manipal Academy of Higher Education","Manipal College of Nursing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manipal College of Nursing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138559007","display_name":"Vani Lakshmi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vani Lakshmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manipal Academy of Higher Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046592933","display_name":"Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0402-1143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0402-1143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manipal Academy of Higher Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140219338","display_name":"Bontha V. Babu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37048141","display_name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0492wrx28","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37048141"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bontha V. Babu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICMR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICMR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37048141"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080658451","display_name":"Anil Raj Assariparambil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3341-3886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3341-3886"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142044","display_name":"VinUniversity","ror":"https://ror.org/052dmdr17","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142044"]}],"countries":["IN","VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anil Raj Assariparambil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adjunct Faculty, College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietam","Manipal Academy of Higher Education","Manipal College of Nursing"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3341-3886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adjunct Faculty, College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142044"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manipal College of Nursing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080658451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460","https://openalex.org/I4210142044"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67249586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"23779608261475897","last_page":"23779608261475897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10186","display_name":"Nursing education and management","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-control","display_name":"infection control","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-control-nurses","display_name":"infection control nurses","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurse-staffing","display_name":"nurse staffing","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosocomial-infections","display_name":"nosocomial infections","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-control-committee","display_name":"infection control committee","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-and-facilitators","display_name":"barriers and facilitators","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-vs-private-hospitals","display_name":"public vs private hospitals","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-facilities","display_name":"hospital facilities","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-support","display_name":"leadership support","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-workload","display_name":"nursing workload","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karnataka","display_name":"Karnataka","score":0.3659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166888038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118322","display_name":"Infection control","level":2,"score":0.7555999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60641444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841602","display_name":"Delphi method","level":2,"score":0.7107999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6626999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777512617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783605","display_name":"Staffing","level":2,"score":0.6092000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779495148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487378","display_name":"Delphi","level":2,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625","display_name":"Checklist","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/23779608261475897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261475897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261475897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168612","display_name":"SAGE Open Nursing","issn_l":"2377-9608","issn":["2377-9608"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13724966","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13724966/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13724966/pdf/10.1177_23779608261475897.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAGE Open Nurs","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42973714","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42973714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAGE open nursing","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:37eabc2d122241149ffca4d9fcb564d5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/37eabc2d122241149ffca4d9fcb564d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SAGE Open Nursing, Vol 12 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/23779608261475897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261475897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261475897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168612","display_name":"SAGE Open Nursing","issn_l":"2377-9608","issn":["2377-9608"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320720","display_name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0492wrx28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213616706.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213616706.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185959119","https://openalex.org/W2546368555","https://openalex.org/W2922247180","https://openalex.org/W2923050993","https://openalex.org/W2923521321","https://openalex.org/W2942524413","https://openalex.org/W2944507841","https://openalex.org/W3011725294","https://openalex.org/W3017173096","https://openalex.org/W3035796486","https://openalex.org/W3088209892","https://openalex.org/W3091835607","https://openalex.org/W3108853549","https://openalex.org/W3109780324","https://openalex.org/W3119413676","https://openalex.org/W3185797914","https://openalex.org/W3188967532","https://openalex.org/W3204550859","https://openalex.org/W4200303265","https://openalex.org/W4212925840","https://openalex.org/W4214646122","https://openalex.org/W4302299480","https://openalex.org/W4312195115","https://openalex.org/W4319660660","https://openalex.org/W4320489832","https://openalex.org/W4321789414","https://openalex.org/W4362581700","https://openalex.org/W4366447663","https://openalex.org/W4366773419","https://openalex.org/W4392059423","https://openalex.org/W4392194316","https://openalex.org/W4394847241","https://openalex.org/W4396722414","https://openalex.org/W4404868465","https://openalex.org/W4406429932","https://openalex.org/W4409035603","https://openalex.org/W4409381448","https://openalex.org/W4410587482","https://openalex.org/W7117971466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7203753184","https://openalex.org/W4409413428","https://openalex.org/W3109780324","https://openalex.org/W4387193663","https://openalex.org/W3204550859","https://openalex.org/W4327601788","https://openalex.org/W4400200058","https://openalex.org/W6902425084","https://openalex.org/W4380051623","https://openalex.org/W4280528898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Infection":[1,107],"prevention":[2],"and":[3,15,20,42,63,77,105,109,152,165,191,208,237,254,269,274,288],"control":[4,47,54,168],"(IPC)":[5],"is":[6,34,294],"a":[7,92,136],"fundamental":[8],"framework":[9],"for":[10,296],"reducing":[11],"healthcare-associated":[12],"infections":[13],"(HCAIs)":[14],"strengthening":[16,283],"health":[17],"system":[18],"performance":[19,218],"patient":[21],"safety":[22],"(Sustainable":[23],"Development":[24],"Goal":[25],"(SDG)":[26],"3),":[27],"particularly":[28],"in":[29,81,266],"developing":[30],"countries.":[31],"However,":[32],"it":[33],"often":[35],"challenged":[36],"by":[37],"poor":[38,233],"infrastructure,":[39],"staff":[40],"turnover,":[41],"low":[43],"compliance":[44],"with":[45],"infection":[46,53,167],"practices.":[48,66],"Hence,":[49],"this":[50],"study":[51,71,262],"assesses":[52],"nurse":[55],"(ICN)":[56],"staffing,":[57,285],"the":[58,106,128,150,205,209,214,248],"factors":[59],"influencing":[60,154],"ICN":[61,155,270,284],"performance,":[62],"facility-level":[64],"IPC":[65,125,180,196,267,298],"Method:":[67],"A":[68],"two-phase":[69],"multimethod":[70],"was":[72,146],"conducted":[73],"across":[74,272,290],"27":[75],"public":[76,101,186,200,275],"9":[78],"private":[79,144,160,175,273],"hospitals":[80,145,161,176,187,292],"Karnataka,":[82],"India.":[83],"Phase":[84],"one":[85],"employed":[86],"an":[87],"exploratory,":[88],"onsite":[89],"survey":[90],"using":[91],"validated":[93],"questionnaire":[94],"administered":[95],"to":[96,148,256],"49":[97],"ICNs":[98,142,164],"(private:":[99,223,229,242],"n=21;":[100],"n":[102],"=":[103],"28)":[104],"Prevention":[108],"Control":[110],"Assessment":[111],"Framework":[112],"(IPCAF)":[113],"tool.":[114],"Hospitals":[115],"were":[116,203,212],"categorized":[117],"as":[118],"having":[119],"inadequate,":[120],"basic,":[121],"intermediate,":[122],"or":[123],"advanced":[124,179],"levels":[126],"on":[127,282],"basis":[129],"of":[130,174,239],"IPCAF":[131],"scores.":[132],"In":[133,182,246],"phase":[134],"two,":[135],"four-round":[137],"Delphi":[138,249],"technique":[139],"involving":[140],"11":[141],"from":[143],"used":[147],"explore":[149],"barriers":[151,219,253],"enablers":[153,255],"performance.":[156,259,299],"Results:":[157],"All":[158],"surveyed":[159],"(100%)":[162],"have":[163],"functional":[166],"committees":[169],"(ICCs).":[170],"Approximately":[171],"78%":[172],"(n=7)":[173],"fall":[177],"under":[178,213],"levels.":[181],"contrast,":[183],"only":[184],"two":[185],"had":[188],"certified":[189],"ICNs,":[190],"90%":[192],"reported":[193,263],"poorly":[194],"functioning":[195],"committees.":[197],"Among":[198],"subdistrict":[199],"hospitals,":[201],"38%":[202],"at":[204],"basic":[206],"level,":[207],"remaining":[210],"62%":[211],"intermediate":[215],"level.":[216],"Key":[217],"included":[220],"high":[221],"workload":[222],"85%;":[224],"public:":[225,231,244],"56%),":[226],"inadequate":[227],"staffing":[228],"54%;":[230],"44%),":[232],"infrastructure":[234],"(public:":[235],"50%),":[236],"lack":[238],"leadership":[240],"support":[241],"61%;":[243],"60%).":[245],"addition,":[247],"analysis":[250],"identified":[251],"major":[252],"improve":[257],"ICNs'":[258],"Conclusion:":[260],"The":[261],"substantial":[264],"disparities":[265],"readiness":[268],"capacity":[271],"hospitals.":[276],"Health":[277],"policy":[278],"makers":[279],"should":[280],"focus":[281],"training,":[286],"authority,":[287],"surveillance":[289],"sub-district":[291],"which":[293],"critical":[295],"enhancing":[297]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00"}
