{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213602107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.19673","title":"Clarifying the puzzling mass shift of the $\u03c8(4160)$ via a reanalysis of $R$-value data with unquenched charmonium spectroscopy","display_name":"Clarifying the puzzling mass shift of the $\u03c8(4160)$ via a reanalysis of $R$-value data with unquenched charmonium spectroscopy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213602107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.19673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.19673","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19673","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.19673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.19673","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051406793","display_name":"Tian-Cai Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-0015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-0015"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng, Tian-Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152113482","display_name":"Xiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-4662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-4662"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10527","display_name":"High-Energy Particle Collisions Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charmonium-spectroscopy","display_name":"charmonium spectroscopy","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-zeros","display_name":"complex zeros","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-shape","display_name":"line shape","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-shift","display_name":"mass shift","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7871000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5673999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.48590001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989164559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15637420","display_name":"Low energy","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40325409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2360668","display_name":"Mass spectrum","level":3,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234","display_name":"Sigma","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5638082","display_name":"Hadron spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779985612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540413","display_name":"Quarkonium","level":3,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163387558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281778","display_name":"Effective field theory","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2693233","display_name":"Internal consistency","level":3,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.19673","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19673","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.19673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.19673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.19673","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.19673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.19673","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19673","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.19673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1192761932","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"lzujbky-2023-stlt01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322880","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1513945615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12335001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G291658462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B20063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2940728274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12247101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322880","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3845103134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B20063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4110315240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"lzujbky-2023-stlt01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5907335154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12247101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7055058440","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"26RCKA012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322880","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7735526052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B20063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336698","funder_display_name":"Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center)"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7768631080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B20063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322880","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8058211760","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"25JRRA799","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322880","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8417909865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12247101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336698","funder_display_name":"Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center)"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8805052026","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12247101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322880","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336698","display_name":"Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center)","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213602107.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213602107.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408694890","https://openalex.org/W2530984675","https://openalex.org/W2599578817","https://openalex.org/W2029994651","https://openalex.org/W2922006923","https://openalex.org/W4324044695","https://openalex.org/W1978099219","https://openalex.org/W7163647334","https://openalex.org/W1482531559","https://openalex.org/W4385269769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,138,167],"long-standing":[1],"upward":[2,160],"shift":[3,161],"of":[4,71,162,227],"the":[5,33,43,53,58,68,72,84,93,112,118,128,134,145,149,163,174,178,185],"extracted":[6],"$\u03c8(4160)$":[7,45,74,136,164],"mass,":[8,75],"from":[9,144],"about":[10],"$4.16$~GeV":[11],"to":[12,49,83],"$4.19$~GeV":[13,141],"in":[14,21,67,177],"later":[15],"analyses,":[16],"remains":[17],"a":[18,224],"puzzling":[19],"issue":[20],"charmonium":[22,40,220],"spectroscopy.":[23],"In":[24,81],"our":[25],"previous":[26],"study,":[27],"this":[28],"problem":[29],"was":[30,47],"investigated":[31],"through":[32],"$B^+\\to":[34],"K^+\u03bc^+\u03bc^-$":[35],"process":[36],"within":[37],"an":[38,64,78,159],"unquenched":[39,94,219],"framework,":[41],"where":[42],"lower-mass":[44,135],"assignment":[46],"found":[48],"be":[50,124],"compatible":[51,238],"with":[52,88,111,198,213,239],"data.":[54],"Here":[55],"we":[56,115,222],"revisit":[57],"BESII":[59,119],"$R$-value":[60,120],"data,":[61],"which":[62],"played":[63],"important":[65],"role":[66],"historical":[69],"extraction":[70],"higher":[73,169],"and":[76,91,105,153,207,217,231],"provide":[77,223],"independent":[79],"examination.":[80],"contrast":[82],"conventional":[85],"quenched":[86],"picture":[87],"$\u03c8(4040)$,":[89,100,151],"$\u03c8(4160)$,":[90,101,152],"$\u03c8(4415)$,":[92,104],"vector-charmonium":[95],"spectrum":[96],"contains":[97,189],"six":[98,190],"states:":[99],"$\u03c8(4220)$,":[102],"$\u03c8(4380)$,":[103],"$\u03c8(4500)$.":[106],"Including":[107],"these":[108,211],"states":[109,170],"together":[110],"near-threshold":[113],"$\u03c8(3770)$,":[114],"find":[116],"that":[117,184,235],"line":[121,200],"shape":[122],"can":[123],"well":[125],"reproduced":[126],"over":[127],"full":[129],"energy":[130],"range":[131],"while":[132],"retaining":[133],"assignment.":[137],"enhancement":[139],"around":[140],"then":[142],"arises":[143],"coherent":[146,187],"interplay":[147],"among":[148],"nearby":[150],"$\u03c8(4220)$":[154],"amplitudes,":[155],"rather":[156],"than":[157],"requiring":[158],"mass":[165],"itself.":[166],"additional":[168],"also":[171],"naturally":[172],"describe":[173],"line-shape":[175],"structure":[176],"$4.4$~GeV":[179],"region.":[180],"We":[181],"further":[182],"show":[183],"seven-resonance":[186],"amplitude":[188],"complex":[191],"zeros,":[192],"yielding":[193],"$2^6=64$":[194],"mathematically":[195],"equivalent":[196],"solutions":[197,212,234],"identical":[199],"shapes":[201],"but":[202],"substantially":[203],"different":[204],"di-electron":[205],"widths":[206],"relative":[208],"phases.":[209],"Comparing":[210],"available":[214],"experimental":[215],"information":[216],"representative":[218],"predictions,":[221],"qualitative":[225],"assessment":[226],"their":[228],"phenomenological":[229],"consistency":[230],"highlight":[232],"several":[233],"appear":[236],"more":[237],"present":[240],"information.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00"}
