{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213563121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.12.750930","title":"Stimulus predictability rather than inter-trial interval itself affects motor evoked potential amplitudes","display_name":"Stimulus predictability rather than inter-trial interval itself affects motor evoked potential amplitudes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213563121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.12.750930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.12.750930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.12.750930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.12.750930","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/18/2026.09.12.750930.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/18/2026.09.12.750930.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082289732","display_name":"Saman Seifpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-0184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-0184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093049","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00q5t0010","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210093049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saman Seifpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany","Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-0184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116419655","display_name":"Nele Haferkorn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260952","display_name":"Donders Community for Medical Neuroscience","ror":"https://ror.org/04h6t4j49","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I4405260952","https://openalex.org/I4405261313"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261326","display_name":"Donders Centre for Neuroscience","ror":"https://ror.org/0546zz821","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I4405261313","https://openalex.org/I4405261326"]}],"countries":["DE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nele Haferkorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany","Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Community for Medical Neuroscience, Department of Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Community for Medical Neuroscience, Department of Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949","https://openalex.org/I4405260952","https://openalex.org/I4405261326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067789209","display_name":"S. Vijayakumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-6430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-6430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suhas Vijayakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065216525","display_name":"Til Ole Bergmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-6618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-6618"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093049","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00q5t0010","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210093049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Til Ole Bergmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany","Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082289732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093049","https://openalex.org/I4210094062"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-trial-interval","display_name":"intertrial interval","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-predictability","display_name":"temporal predictability","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-evoked-potentials","display_name":"motor evoked potentials","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticospinal-excitability","display_name":"corticospinal excitability","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-interval-intracortical-inhibition","display_name":"short-interval intracortical inhibition","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-interval-intracortical-inhibition","display_name":"long-interval intracortical inhibition","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabaa-inhibition","display_name":"GABAA inhibition","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-cues","display_name":"auditory cues","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.8159999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138370407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16944465","display_name":"Interstimulus interval","level":3,"score":0.7124000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.6726999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.597599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5810999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5374000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618678","display_name":"Evoked potential","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83195618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q590951","display_name":"Cued speech","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7514754","display_name":"Silent period","level":4,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780576329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39045793","display_name":"Motor planning","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556910895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384188","display_name":"Magnetoencephalography","level":3,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.12.750930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.12.750930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.12.750930","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/18/2026.09.12.750930.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.12.750930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.12.750930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.12.750930","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/18/2026.09.12.750930.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4012183240","display_name":"FOR 5434: Abstraktion von Information im Schlaf","funder_award_id":"468645090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213563121.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213563121.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1970699735","https://openalex.org/W1972041957","https://openalex.org/W1985388044","https://openalex.org/W1986101448","https://openalex.org/W2002716918","https://openalex.org/W2005489413","https://openalex.org/W2018729195","https://openalex.org/W2044889549","https://openalex.org/W2047846607","https://openalex.org/W2067841959","https://openalex.org/W2091433716","https://openalex.org/W2096892196","https://openalex.org/W2111594190","https://openalex.org/W2111754927","https://openalex.org/W2129427953","https://openalex.org/W2140358254","https://openalex.org/W2141845152","https://openalex.org/W2161693550","https://openalex.org/W2329442555","https://openalex.org/W2581605628","https://openalex.org/W2770123655","https://openalex.org/W2774486220","https://openalex.org/W2884133857","https://openalex.org/W2894608233","https://openalex.org/W2909448543","https://openalex.org/W2920871702","https://openalex.org/W2988735788","https://openalex.org/W2995899400","https://openalex.org/W3098875655","https://openalex.org/W3153999239","https://openalex.org/W3198280711","https://openalex.org/W4280629063","https://openalex.org/W4281701058","https://openalex.org/W4407763229","https://openalex.org/W4410064441","https://openalex.org/W7161708910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010156877","https://openalex.org/W2748384129","https://openalex.org/W4400033031","https://openalex.org/W2589100684","https://openalex.org/W2995040225","https://openalex.org/W4407934999","https://openalex.org/W2151481318","https://openalex.org/W2396656925","https://openalex.org/W4406406225","https://openalex.org/W1985388044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"inter-trial":[2],"interval":[3],"(ITI)":[4],"of":[5,21,61,79,116,159,244,258,265],"transcranial":[6],"magnetic":[7],"stimulation":[8],"(TMS)":[9],"can":[10,309],"modulate":[11],"motor-evoked":[12],"potential":[13],"(MEP)":[14],"amplitude":[15,249],"and":[16,41,58,69,82,119,137,174,182,278,282,293],"may":[17,210],"thus":[18],"confound":[19],"assessments":[20],"corticospinal":[22,259],"excitability.":[23],"We":[24],"tested":[25],"whether":[26,42],"this":[27],"effect":[28,158,243],"depends":[29],"on":[30,199,237,247,262,315],"the":[31,37,196,206,233,242,263,289,302,311],"ITI":[32,153,172,179,192,197,216,235,245,298],"duration":[33,246],"per":[34,164],"se":[35],"or":[36,101,161],"associated":[38],"temporal":[39,272],"predictability":[40,207,264,313],"intracortical":[43,63,71],"inhibitory":[44],"processes":[45],"mediate":[46],"these":[47],"effects":[48,115,198,208,236,314],"on.":[49],"In":[50,219,240],"26":[51],"healthy":[52],"participants,":[53],"we":[54],"recorded":[55],"single-pulse":[56,200,316],"MEPs":[57,112],"paired-pulse":[59],"measures":[60],"short-interval":[62],"inhibition":[64,72,188,223],"(SICI;":[65],"2-ms":[66],"interstimulus":[67,75],"interval)":[68,76],"long-interval":[70],"(LICI;":[73],"100-ms":[74],"at":[77,107,124,128],"ITIs":[78,85,130,281],"2,":[80],"5,":[81],"10":[83],"s.":[84],"were":[86],"presented":[87],"in":[88,131,135],"different":[89],"Patterns,":[90],"i.e.,":[91],"separate":[92],"fixed":[93],"blocks":[94,99],"(FXD),":[95],"randomly":[96,102],"intermingled":[97,103],"within":[98],"(RND),":[100],"but":[104,133,155,209,230,307],"auditorily":[105],"cued":[106],"950":[108],"ms":[109],"pre-TMS":[110],"(RNDC).":[111],"showed":[113,149,168,190],"significant":[114],"ITI,":[117,165],"Pattern,":[118],"their":[120,271],"interaction,":[121],"being":[122,274],"smaller":[123],"2":[125],"s":[126],"than":[127],"longer":[129],"FXD":[132],"not":[134],"RND":[136],"RNDC.":[138],"However,":[139],"RNDC":[140],"produced":[141],"marked":[142],"MEP":[143,238,248,317],"suppression":[144,257],"across":[145],"all":[146],"ITI.":[147],"SICI":[148,181,292],"a":[150],"Pattern":[151,160,170],"\u00d7":[152,171],"interaction":[154,173],"no":[156],"main":[157,176],"between-pattern":[162],"differences":[163],"whereas":[166],"LICI":[167,183,294],"complex":[169],"both":[175],"effects.":[177],"Notably,":[178],"affected":[180,304],"oppositely.":[184],"While":[185],"GABA-A-receptor":[186],"mediated":[187,222],"(SICI)":[189],"an":[191,214],"dependency":[193],"compatible":[194],"with":[195,232,301],"MEPs,":[201],"it":[202],"was":[203,225],"unlikely":[204],"mediating":[205],"rather":[211],"relate":[212],"to":[213,251],"independent":[215],"driven":[217],"suppression.":[218],"contrast,":[220],"GABA-B-receptor":[221],"(LICI),":[224],"clearly":[226],"modulated":[227,296],"by":[228,255,297,305],"predictability,":[229,306],"incompatible":[231],"observed":[234,312],"amplitude.":[239],"summary,":[241],"seems":[250],"be":[252],"largely":[253],"explained":[254],"anticipatory":[256],"excitability":[260],"based":[261],"TMS":[266,290],"pulses":[267],"as":[268,299],"derived":[269],"from":[270],"context,":[273],"easier":[275],"for":[276,284],"shorter":[277],"more":[279],"regular":[280],"maximal":[283],"explicit":[285],"cues":[286],"immediately":[287],"preceding":[288],"pulse.":[291],"are":[295],"well,":[300],"latter":[303],"neither":[308],"explain":[310],"amplitudes.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00"}