{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213536907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.16.751999","title":"Mating allows asexual female wasps to produce offspring both sexually and asexually, but their sexual daughters have reduced fecundity","display_name":"Mating allows asexual female wasps to produce offspring both sexually and asexually, but their sexual daughters have reduced fecundity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213536907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.16.751999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.16.751999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.16.751999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.16.751999","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/17/2026.09.16.751999.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/17/2026.09.16.751999.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075835532","display_name":"Rebecca A. Boulton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-3583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-3583"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R.A Boulton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-3583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152050766","display_name":"Mohit Raj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Raj","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Wolfson Medical School building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Wolfson Medical School building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159793880","display_name":"J Anderson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003162697","display_name":"Darren James Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-7779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-7779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161548249","display_name":"Bangor University","ror":"https://ror.org/006jb1a24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. J Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Ecology and Evolution Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-7779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Ecology and Evolution Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075835532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.7954000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.7954000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.11659999936819077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facultative-sex","display_name":"facultative sex","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asexual-reproduction","display_name":"asexual reproduction","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-reproduction","display_name":"sexual reproduction","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lysiphlebus-fabarum","display_name":"Lysiphlebus fabarum","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mating-costs","display_name":"mating costs","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fecundity","display_name":"fecundity","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/introgression","display_name":"introgression","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-mode","display_name":"reproductive mode","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-polymorphism","display_name":"sexual polymorphism","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53144768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428855","display_name":"Facultative","level":2,"score":0.9832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9093000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24990904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075144","display_name":"Obligate","level":2,"score":0.8737999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514575182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228395","display_name":"Mating","level":2,"score":0.682200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170009740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173432","display_name":"Asexual reproduction","level":2,"score":0.6371999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67283656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587899","display_name":"Fecundity","level":3,"score":0.5928000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159575461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182353","display_name":"Sexual reproduction","level":2,"score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777336675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724351","display_name":"Asexuality","level":3,"score":0.548799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57520943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068155","display_name":"Sex ratio","level":3,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137273181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915088","display_name":"Evolution of sexual reproduction","level":3,"score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171902525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528033","display_name":"Apomixis","level":4,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116402615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4584563","display_name":"Mating system","level":3,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130981225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206913","display_name":"Sexual selection","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8182607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2094405","display_name":"Introgression","level":3,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170193765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7458451","display_name":"Sex allocation","level":4,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4430575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005215","display_name":"Inclusive fitness","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66698415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139127","display_name":"Life history theory","level":3,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59659247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11990","display_name":"Reproduction","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779157341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992545","display_name":"Sexual conflict","level":3,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.16.751999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.16.751999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.16.751999","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/17/2026.09.16.751999.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:6c0fe7f9-d3c7-4148-8ac2-8c5146463490","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/r9fvd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Project"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.16.751999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.16.751999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.16.751999","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/17/2026.09.16.751999.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213536907.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213536907.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63515346","https://openalex.org/W1504564486","https://openalex.org/W1836421697","https://openalex.org/W1958289973","https://openalex.org/W1984067346","https://openalex.org/W1994979359","https://openalex.org/W2010134690","https://openalex.org/W2081939115","https://openalex.org/W2083263792","https://openalex.org/W2083555141","https://openalex.org/W2109947766","https://openalex.org/W2123936980","https://openalex.org/W2166468415","https://openalex.org/W2166523953","https://openalex.org/W2319721616","https://openalex.org/W2699862254","https://openalex.org/W2786358356","https://openalex.org/W2793222991","https://openalex.org/W2952924211","https://openalex.org/W2979378543","https://openalex.org/W3092568206","https://openalex.org/W4362661810","https://openalex.org/W4388543325","https://openalex.org/W4409538087","https://openalex.org/W4410530233","https://openalex.org/W4411080906","https://openalex.org/W4413109240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392231405","https://openalex.org/W4410530233","https://openalex.org/W6902414951","https://openalex.org/W2081939115","https://openalex.org/W3124909287","https://openalex.org/W2017634498","https://openalex.org/W4413109240","https://openalex.org/W2518997642","https://openalex.org/W2319721616","https://openalex.org/W6945995972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Sexual":[1],"reproduction":[2],"is":[3,40,47],"widespread":[4],"despite":[5],"being":[6],"less":[7],"efficient":[8],"than":[9],"asexual":[10,38],"reproduction.":[11],"While":[12],"its":[13],"long-term":[14,240],"evolutionary":[15],"benefits":[16],"are":[17,204],"well":[18],"recognized,":[19],"it":[20],"remains":[21],"unclear":[22],"why":[23,244],"facultative":[24,92,109,138,172,195,202,217,245],"sex,":[25,57,196,237],"which":[26],"should":[27],"allow":[28],"lineages":[29,64,166],"to":[30,55,107,122,137,178,250],"balance":[31],"the":[32,59,73,100,187,192,214,225],"advantages":[33],"of":[34,61,159,186,236],"both":[35],"sexual":[36,63,188,227],"and":[37,65,111,150,161,242],"reproduction,":[39],"not":[41,142],"more":[42],"common.":[43],"One":[44],"potential":[45],"reason":[46],"that":[48,198,216,222],"intermittent":[49],"sex":[50,93,98,110,152,173,203,218,246],"imposes":[51],"novel":[52],"costs":[53,221],"compared":[54,177,249],"obligate":[56,251],"limiting":[58],"persistence":[60],"facultatively":[62],"constraining":[66],"introgression.":[67],"We":[68,82,103,133,182],"test":[69,123],"this":[70],"possibility":[71],"using":[72],"sexually":[74,162],"polymorphic":[75],"aphid":[76],"parasitoid":[77],"wasp":[78],"Lysiphlebus":[79],"fabarum":[80],".":[81],"reared":[83],"offspring":[84,146],"from":[85],"females":[86,106,169],"who":[87],"reproduced":[88],"asexually":[89,160,179],"or":[90],"by":[91,168,201],"for":[94,213],"three":[95],"generations":[96,193],"(without":[97],"after":[99,194],"founding":[101],"generation).":[102],"genotyped":[104],"F1":[105],"confirm":[108],"used":[112],"antennomere":[113],"number,":[114],"a":[115],"phenotypic":[116],"marker":[117],"associated":[118],"with":[119,147,232],"reproductive":[120],"mode,":[121],"whether":[124],"mixed":[125],"sexual-asexual":[126,148],"genotypes":[127,199],"could":[128],"be":[129],"tracked":[130],"across":[131],"generations.":[132],"found":[134],"multiple":[135],"barriers":[136],"sex.":[139,252],"Mating":[140],"did":[141,153],"always":[143],"result":[144],"in":[145,191],"genotypes,":[149],"when":[151],"occur,":[154],"broods":[155],"were":[156],"usually":[157],"comprised":[158],"produced":[163,170,180],"offspring.":[164],"Additionally,":[165],"founded":[167],"through":[171],"showed":[174],"reduced":[175],"fecundity":[176],"broods.":[181],"saw":[183],"declining":[184],"frequencies":[185],"antenna":[189],"phenotype":[190],"suggesting":[197],"generated":[200],"selected":[205],"against.":[206],"Overall,":[207],"our":[208],"results":[209],"provide":[210],"empirical":[211],"support":[212],"idea":[215],"can":[219],"impose":[220],"persist":[223],"beyond":[224],"initial":[226],"event.":[228],"These":[229],"costs,":[230],"together":[231],"low":[233],"realised":[234],"rates":[235],"may":[238],"limit":[239],"introgression":[241],"explain":[243],"appears":[247],"rare":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00"}