{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213535339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867","title":"The influence of heavy metals on activated sludge processes: performance, microbial dynamics, and recovery strategies","display_name":"The influence of heavy metals on activated sludge processes: performance, microbial dynamics, and recovery strategies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213535339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596204836","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","issn_l":"2296-665X","issn":["2296-665X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073515736","display_name":"Sartaj Ahmad Bhat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-5956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-5956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262983","display_name":"IIMT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zncbw15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262983"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sartaj A. Bhat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Cell, School of Sciences, IIMT University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Cell, School of Sciences, IIMT University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101512842","display_name":"Vineet Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-0204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-0204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262983","display_name":"IIMT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zncbw15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262983"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vineet Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, IIMT University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, IIMT University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101782876","display_name":"Deepa Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-7541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-7541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262983","display_name":"IIMT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zncbw15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262983"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepa Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, IIMT University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, IIMT University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073515736"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262983"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10419","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals","display_name":"heavy metals","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activated-sludge","display_name":"activated sludge","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment","display_name":"wastewater treatment","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-community-dynamics","display_name":"microbial community dynamics","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-toxicity","display_name":"metal toxicity","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrification","display_name":"nitrification","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denitrification","display_name":"denitrification","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-polymeric-substances","display_name":"extracellular polymeric substances","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-oxygen-demand","display_name":"chemical oxygen demand","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-diversity","display_name":"microbial diversity","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-recovery","display_name":"resource recovery","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sludge-recovery","display_name":"sludge recovery","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777730692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815353","display_name":"Activated sludge","level":3,"score":0.796500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777569206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315837","display_name":"Resource recovery","level":3,"score":0.6829000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.6384999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5939000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.5813000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129968341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385446","display_name":"Extracellular polymeric substance","level":4,"score":0.5667999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.48590001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778302132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4215775","display_name":"Metal toxicity","level":3,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81407943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149178","display_name":"Microbial population biology","level":3,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780859252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11888968","display_name":"Sewage sludge","level":3,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107446159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3495381","display_name":"Sewage sludge treatment","level":3,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78761867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6883982","display_name":"Mixed liquor suspended solids","level":4,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44403221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6592216","display_name":"Industrial wastewater treatment","level":3,"score":0.26350000500679016}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596204836","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","issn_l":"2296-665X","issn":["2296-665X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:91db8c82daca4d90a937283d8839b417","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/91db8c82daca4d90a937283d8839b417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol 14 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1951867/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596204836","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","issn_l":"2296-665X","issn":["2296-665X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":1.0,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.807699978351593,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213535339.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213535339.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973507092","https://openalex.org/W1978201825","https://openalex.org/W1998217050","https://openalex.org/W1998878198","https://openalex.org/W2026640016","https://openalex.org/W2030175493","https://openalex.org/W2032409060","https://openalex.org/W2036281533","https://openalex.org/W2036734367","https://openalex.org/W2043849745","https://openalex.org/W2061386641","https://openalex.org/W2069414755","https://openalex.org/W2088820729","https://openalex.org/W2088837371","https://openalex.org/W2154988926","https://openalex.org/W2340490354","https://openalex.org/W2358342724","https://openalex.org/W2469585422","https://openalex.org/W2478891514","https://openalex.org/W2552894789","https://openalex.org/W2554754082","https://openalex.org/W2604490460","https://openalex.org/W2606745198","https://openalex.org/W2752492824","https://openalex.org/W2757706180","https://openalex.org/W2767930571","https://openalex.org/W2769979544","https://openalex.org/W2772216126","https://openalex.org/W2790254919","https://openalex.org/W2903352122","https://openalex.org/W2911970546","https://openalex.org/W2913251582","https://openalex.org/W2924086323","https://openalex.org/W2943660530","https://openalex.org/W2957300050","https://openalex.org/W2958555717","https://openalex.org/W2973958684","https://openalex.org/W2977694644","https://openalex.org/W3010902553","https://openalex.org/W3016430934","https://openalex.org/W3046637514","https://openalex.org/W3081533086","https://openalex.org/W3090201055","https://openalex.org/W4213426432","https://openalex.org/W4226275037","https://openalex.org/W4248645806","https://openalex.org/W4280519556","https://openalex.org/W4281398276","https://openalex.org/W4306914012","https://openalex.org/W4309203776","https://openalex.org/W4385847756","https://openalex.org/W4386799744","https://openalex.org/W4387910952","https://openalex.org/W4389722679","https://openalex.org/W4392130883","https://openalex.org/W4393931656","https://openalex.org/W4399804434","https://openalex.org/W4400592881","https://openalex.org/W4403347937","https://openalex.org/W4405515581","https://openalex.org/W4406362337","https://openalex.org/W4407679781","https://openalex.org/W4407865332","https://openalex.org/W4410769466","https://openalex.org/W4410862558","https://openalex.org/W4415487787","https://openalex.org/W4415907786","https://openalex.org/W6884302568","https://openalex.org/W7117536113","https://openalex.org/W7118199857","https://openalex.org/W7130926816","https://openalex.org/W7131632152","https://openalex.org/W7134254009","https://openalex.org/W7134886013","https://openalex.org/W7153754801","https://openalex.org/W7154399008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377112050","https://openalex.org/W3046637514","https://openalex.org/W2751578183","https://openalex.org/W2467704948","https://openalex.org/W2406893782","https://openalex.org/W2009235280","https://openalex.org/W2356239633","https://openalex.org/W6903689221","https://openalex.org/W4306914012","https://openalex.org/W2060968862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Environmental":[0],"pollution,":[1],"primarily":[2],"water":[3],"and":[4,12,27,58,91,103,115,120,135,146],"soil":[5],"due":[6,15],"to":[7,16,63],"heavy":[8,75,139,155],"metals":[9,21],"is":[10],"extensive":[11],"alarming":[13],"concern":[14],"numerous":[17],"industrial":[18],"sources.":[19],"Heavy":[20],"considerably":[22],"alter":[23],"the":[24,29,36,51,71,130],"microbial":[25,54,88,118],"dynamics":[26],"reduce":[28],"efficiency":[30,61],"of":[31,50,100,123,162],"activated":[32,59,79,124,141],"sludge":[33,60,80,125,142],"process":[34,86],"in":[35,43],"wastewater":[37,44,95,148],"treatment":[38,45,96,149],"systems.":[39,143],"Despite":[40],"considerable":[41],"progress":[42],"research,":[46],"a":[47,159],"thorough":[48,160],"knowledge":[49],"mechanisms":[52],"governing":[53],"interactions,":[55,90],"recovery":[56,93,134],"methods,":[57],"continues":[62],"be":[64],"insufficient.":[65],"The":[66,98],"present":[67],"review":[68,131],"critically":[69],"evaluates":[70],"current":[72],"understanding":[73,161],"on":[74,78,85,106,117],"metal":[76,101,156],"effects":[77,99],"processes":[81],"with":[82],"an":[83],"emphasis":[84],"performance,":[87],"community":[89,121],"resource":[92],"from":[94],"plants.":[97],"toxicity":[102],"their":[104],"influence":[105],"chemical":[107],"oxygen":[108],"demand,":[109],"nitrification,":[110],"denitrification,":[111],"extracellular":[112],"polymeric":[113],"substances":[114],"effect":[116],"diversity":[119],"composition":[122],"are":[126],"comprehensively":[127],"discussed.":[128],"Furthermore,":[129],"summarizes":[132],"various":[133],"mitigation":[136],"strategies":[137],"for":[138],"metal-stressed":[140],"Developing":[144],"solid":[145],"sustainable":[147],"systems":[150],"that":[151],"can":[152],"function":[153],"under":[154],"stress":[157],"requires":[158],"these":[163],"interactions.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00"}