{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213498799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.18226","title":"Detectability of 100 TeV Gamma Rays from PeV Cosmic Rays Accelerated in the Early Phase of a Supernova Shock Wave","display_name":"Detectability of 100 TeV Gamma Rays from PeV Cosmic Rays Accelerated in the Early Phase of a Supernova Shock Wave","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213498799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.18226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.18226","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.18226","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.18226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.18226","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006870599","display_name":"Tomotaka Nishikawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nishikawa, Tomotaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Furo-cho , Chikusa-ku , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Furo-cho , Chikusa-ku , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085873695","display_name":"Tsuyoshi Inoue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-8771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-8771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15991598","display_name":"Konan University","ror":"https://ror.org/059b5pb30","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15991598"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inoue, Tsuyoshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Konan University , Okamoto 8-9-1 , Higashinada-ku , Kobe 658-8501 , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Konan University , Okamoto 8-9-1 , Higashinada-ku , Kobe 658-8501 , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15991598"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047551939","display_name":"Alexandre Marcowith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-0910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-0910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095986","display_name":"Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/00nrbzg90","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210095986","https://openalex.org/I4210133362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133362","display_name":"Institut National de Physique Nucl\u00e9aire et de Physique des Particules","ror":"https://ror.org/03fd77x13","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210133362"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcowith, Alexandre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM) , Universit\u00e9 Montpellier , CNRS /IN2P3 , CC72 , place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM) , Universit\u00e9 Montpellier , CNRS /IN2P3 , CC72 , place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210095986","https://openalex.org/I4210133362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supernova-remnants","display_name":"supernova remnants","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circumstellar-matter","display_name":"circumstellar medium","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-supergiant-wind","display_name":"red supergiant wind","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-iip-supernovae","display_name":"Type IIP supernovae","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusive-shock-acceleration","display_name":"diffusive shock acceleration","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutral-pion-decay","display_name":"neutral pion decay","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-ray-attenuation","display_name":"gamma-ray attenuation","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-background-radiation","display_name":"cosmic background radiation","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cherenkov-telescope-array","display_name":"Cherenkov Telescope Array","score":0.8069999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.942300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111309251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11547","display_name":"Cosmic ray","level":2,"score":0.8453999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127592171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3937","display_name":"Supernova","level":2,"score":0.7926999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7289000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7910260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11523","display_name":"Gamma ray","level":2,"score":0.646399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.553600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75183268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140491","display_name":"Particle acceleration","level":3,"score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70477161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190688","display_name":"Shock wave","level":2,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203224028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201510","display_name":"Blast wave","level":3,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17599544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22247","display_name":"Gamma-ray burst","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206094082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4097","display_name":"Pion","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778339168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207436","display_name":"Supernova remnant","level":3,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135975100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7499888","display_name":"Shock waves in astrophysics","level":3,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522846370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622752","display_name":"Gamma-ray astronomy","level":3,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59496990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q469567","display_name":"Forbush decrease","level":5,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110363677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4360","display_name":"Pulsar","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19694890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101667","display_name":"Hadron","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.18226","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.18226","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.18226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.18226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.18226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.18226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.18226","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.18226","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.18226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5210539970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20H01944","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7709189130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJSP2125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323772","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatory of Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/052rrw050"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213498799.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213498799.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976889848","https://openalex.org/W1995184016","https://openalex.org/W1996131932","https://openalex.org/W2007207211","https://openalex.org/W2032882333","https://openalex.org/W2038183147","https://openalex.org/W2041266128","https://openalex.org/W2044015706","https://openalex.org/W2046543353","https://openalex.org/W2059138746","https://openalex.org/W2059691795","https://openalex.org/W2062873624","https://openalex.org/W2063712348","https://openalex.org/W2064221922","https://openalex.org/W2066585705","https://openalex.org/W2139777473","https://openalex.org/W2142069671","https://openalex.org/W2144204455","https://openalex.org/W2163197622","https://openalex.org/W2311998796","https://openalex.org/W2510508747","https://openalex.org/W2579264406","https://openalex.org/W2600908267","https://openalex.org/W2732018162","https://openalex.org/W2758853147","https://openalex.org/W2810757125","https://openalex.org/W2889232959","https://openalex.org/W2892163015","https://openalex.org/W2949404822","https://openalex.org/W3014577274","https://openalex.org/W3211225369","https://openalex.org/W3212680293","https://openalex.org/W4210304847","https://openalex.org/W4311531164","https://openalex.org/W4394754988","https://openalex.org/W4410035009","https://openalex.org/W4417530923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3182319657","https://openalex.org/W4385304752","https://openalex.org/W4291287666","https://openalex.org/W2064876626","https://openalex.org/W2022119466","https://openalex.org/W7098128043","https://openalex.org/W7155987009","https://openalex.org/W3186618816","https://openalex.org/W2963744565","https://openalex.org/W2751238467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Galactic":[0],"cosmic":[1,114],"rays":[2],"(CRs)":[3],"are":[4],"thought":[5],"to":[6,46,193,200,212],"be":[7,44,69,105],"accelerated":[8,45],"by":[9,71,108,156],"diffusive":[10],"shock":[11,53],"acceleration":[12,232],"in":[13,233],"supernova":[14,109],"remnants":[15],"(SNRs),":[16],"but":[17],"observations":[18,222],"of":[19,62,82,160,177,207,223],"SNRs":[20,103],"aged":[21],"~100-1000":[22],"yr":[23],"suggest":[24,217],"maximum":[25],"CR":[26,95,119,231],"energies":[27],"below":[28],"the":[29,113,118,150,163,204,208],"PeV":[30,48,94,230],"level.":[31],"Recently,":[32],"Inoue":[33,127],"et":[34,128],"al.":[35,129],"(2021)":[36],"showed":[37],"with":[38,76,167,187],"kinetic-MHD":[39],"simulations":[40],"that":[41,146,218],"CRs":[42],"can":[43,68,92,104,182,228],"~3":[47],"when":[49],"a":[50,72,188],"blast":[51],"wave":[52],"propagates":[54],"through":[55],"dense":[56,164,235],"circumstellar":[57],"material":[58],"(CSM)":[59],"within":[60],"tens":[61],"days":[63],"after":[64],"explosion.":[65],"Such":[66],"CSM":[67,123,165,175,209],"produced":[70],"red-supergiant":[73],"(RSG)":[74],"wind":[75],"an":[77,173],"observationally":[78],"motivated":[79],"mass-loss":[80],"rate":[81],"~10^-3":[83],"Ms/yr.":[84],"100":[85,184,220],"TeV":[86,153,185,221],"gamma-rays":[87,99,186],"from":[88,100,126,136],"neutral":[89],"pion":[90],"decay":[91],"test":[93],"acceleration.":[96],"However,":[97],"hadronic":[98],"very":[101],"young":[102],"significantly":[106],"attenuated":[107],"photospheric":[110,147],"photons":[111,148],"and":[112,122,172,236],"background":[115],"radiation.":[116],"Using":[117],"distribution":[120],"functions":[121],"density":[124],"profiles":[125],"(2021),":[130],"we":[131],"calculate":[132],"time-dependent":[133],"gamma-ray":[134,154],"fluxes":[135],"Type":[137,225],"II-P":[138,226],"SNe,":[139],"including":[140],"both":[141],"attenuation":[142],"processes.":[143],"We":[144],"find":[145],"attenuate":[149],"intrinsic":[151],"1-100":[152],"flux":[155],"about":[157],"one":[158],"order":[159],"magnitude.":[161],"For":[162],"case":[166],"dot{M}_RSG":[168],"~":[169,178,194],"10^-3":[170],"Ms/yr":[171],"outer":[174],"radius":[176],"3x10^15":[179],"cm,":[180],"CTA":[181],"detect":[183],"50":[189],"h":[190],"observation":[191],"out":[192],"4":[195],"Mpc":[196,202],"(this":[197],"is":[198,210],"reduced":[199],"3":[201],"if":[203],"spatial":[205],"extent":[206],"shrunk":[211],"2x10^15":[213],"cm).":[214],"These":[215],"results":[216],"early":[219],"nearby":[224],"SNe":[227],"probe":[229],"sufficiently":[234],"extended":[237],"CSM.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00"}