{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213480680","doi":null,"title":"How resilient are EU welfare systems to unemployment shocks? A stress-testing exercise across 27 Member States","display_name":"How resilient are EU welfare systems to unemployment shocks? A stress-testing exercise across 27 Member States","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213480680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu:JRC146422","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC146422","pdf_url":"https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC146422/JRC146422_01.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401126","display_name":"Joint Research Centre (European Commission)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800387288","host_organization_name":"European Commission","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800387288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC146422/JRC146422_01.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072144411","display_name":"Kateryna Bornukova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-0953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-0953"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BORNUKOVA Kateryna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151944546","display_name":"RIERA MALLOL Gemma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RIERA MALLOL Gemma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65515216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.7689999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.7689999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.1289999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":0.07590000331401825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-benefit-system","display_name":"tax-benefit system","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment-shocks","display_name":"unemployment shocks","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state-resilience","display_name":"welfare state resilience","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-costs","display_name":"fiscal costs","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment-benefits","display_name":"unemployment benefits","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-assistance","display_name":"social assistance","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-benefit","display_name":"housing allowance","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"income distribution","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-member-states","display_name":"EU member states","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euromod-microsimulation","display_name":"EUROMOD microsimulation","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-stability","display_name":"temporal stability","score":0.5419999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7724999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019422483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605","display_name":"Member states","level":3,"score":0.6496000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.6284999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129603779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192451","display_name":"Welfare state","level":3,"score":0.570900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.5472000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.5235999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776237081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6015004","display_name":"Income Support","level":2,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779206190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162455","display_name":"Gini coefficient","level":4,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777861868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605","display_name":"Member state","level":4,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778300220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114380","display_name":"Financial crisis","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780015235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934035","display_name":"Microsimulation","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993508850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185441","display_name":"Eu countries","level":3,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1308919","display_name":"Stress test","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536738050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3249071","display_name":"Social Welfare","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142077812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175850","display_name":"Standard of living","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203379541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801078","display_name":"Aggregate demand","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44648626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049848","display_name":"Percentage point","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519300510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542","display_name":"Income distribution","level":3,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2309653","display_name":"Social partners","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68286588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384136","display_name":"Full employment","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781030141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18907327","display_name":"Fiscal multiplier","level":4,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19159745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828395","display_name":"Social policy","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524878704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187021","display_name":"Fiscal policy","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu:JRC146422","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC146422","pdf_url":"https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC146422/JRC146422_01.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401126","display_name":"Joint Research Centre (European Commission)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800387288","host_organization_name":"European Commission","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800387288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu:JRC146422","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC146422","pdf_url":"https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC146422/JRC146422_01.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401126","display_name":"Joint Research Centre (European Commission)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800387288","host_organization_name":"European Commission","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800387288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8928999900817871,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334701","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5wtv36"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213480680.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213480680.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136396510","https://openalex.org/W7095456013","https://openalex.org/W1966126036","https://openalex.org/W3183183697","https://openalex.org/W4385903265","https://openalex.org/W2334338657","https://openalex.org/W7110499134","https://openalex.org/W7112999514","https://openalex.org/W1605447451","https://openalex.org/W7056177070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,133,247],"capacity":[1],"of":[2,10,20,27,64,116,153,165,197],"the":[3,8,25,28,32,51,56,61,90,95,98,117,121,142,147,154,158,166,169,179,182,185,198,202,217,225,258],"tax-benefit":[4,62,111],"system":[5],"to":[6,92,104,129,181],"smooth":[7],"impact":[9],"large":[11],"economic":[12],"shocks":[13,73],"on":[14,50,82],"household":[15],"income":[16,144,159],"represents":[17],"a":[18,41,239],"cornerstone":[19],"welfare":[21],"state":[22],"performance.":[23],"In":[24,55,77],"aftermath":[26],"financial":[29],"crisis":[30],"and":[31,84,87,102,140,175,190,238,244],"Covid-19":[33],"pandemic,":[34],"EU":[35,67],"Member":[36,68,251],"States":[37,69,252],"were":[38],"put":[39],"under":[40,70],"stress":[42],"test":[43,105],"that":[44,110,215],"resulted":[45],"in":[46,53,120,127,131,235,241],"different":[47],"outcomes":[48],"depending":[49],"policies":[52],"place.":[54],"present":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59,79,88],"stress-test":[60],"systems":[63,112],"all":[65],"27":[66],"hypothetical":[71],"unemployment":[72,173,236],"using":[74],"EUROMOD":[75],"microsimulations.":[76],"addition,":[78],"provide":[80],"results":[81,212],"poverty":[83],"fiscal":[85],"costs,":[86],"extend":[89],"analysis":[91],"look":[93],"at":[94,168,184,201,250],"evolution":[96],"over":[97,224],"periods":[99],"2014,":[100],"2019":[101],"2025":[103],"temporal":[106],"stability.":[107],"We":[108],"find":[109],"absorb":[113],"approximately":[114],"44%":[115],"market-income":[118],"loss":[119],"EU,":[122],"with":[123,253],"variation":[124],"from":[125],"17%":[126],"Bulgaria":[128],"61%":[130],"Belgium.":[132],"coefficient":[134,219],"is":[135],"flat":[136,148],"across":[137,141],"shock":[138],"magnitude":[139],"working-age":[143],"distribution.":[145,160],"However,":[146],"profile":[149],"conceals":[150],"an":[151,232],"inversion":[152],"instrument":[155],"mix":[156],"along":[157],"Income":[161],"taxation":[162],"provides":[163],"most":[164,180,259],"stabilisation":[167,183,200,256],"top":[170],"quintile,":[171],"whereas":[172],"benefits":[174,237],"social":[176,191,242],"assistance":[177,243],"contribute":[178],"bottom.":[186],"On":[187],"average,":[188],"taxes":[189],"security":[192],"contributions":[193],"account":[194,208],"for":[195,209],"70%":[196],"total":[199],"EU-27":[203],"level,":[204],"while":[205],"benefit-side":[206,255],"instruments":[207],"30%.":[210],"Our":[211],"also":[213],"suggest":[214],"although":[216],"aggregate":[218],"has":[220,229],"not":[221],"changed":[222],"significantly":[223],"decade,":[226],"its":[227],"composition":[228],"shifted,":[230],"observing":[231],"average":[233],"decline":[234],"rise":[240],"housing":[245],"benefits.":[246],"findings":[248],"point":[249],"minimal":[254],"presenting":[257],"acute":[260],"vulnerability.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00"}
