{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213469843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","title":"Feasibility and Diagnostic Potential of Multimodal Neuro-Ophthalmic Biomarkers in Young-Onset Dementia and Functional Cognitive Disorder","display_name":"Feasibility and Diagnostic Potential of Multimodal Neuro-Ophthalmic Biomarkers in Young-Onset Dementia and Functional Cognitive Disorder","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213469843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42921319","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13693086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240620","display_name":"Ophthalmology Science","issn_l":"2666-9145","issn":["2666-9145"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmology Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118576299","display_name":"Irem Karaer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irem Karaer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121968949","display_name":"Callum Hunt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Callum Hunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050870022","display_name":"Seema Teli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seema Teli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118576300","display_name":"Reenette Savant","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reenette Savant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093539843","display_name":"Vanessa Rodwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3049-7767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3049-7767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vanessa Rodwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023251296","display_name":"Ha-Jun Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0334-213X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0334-213X","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9483-5329"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ha-Jun Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0334-213X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038628173","display_name":"Gail D. E. Maconachie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9131-3480","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9131-3480"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gail D.E. Maconachie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065558770","display_name":"Zhanhan Tu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanhan Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029051852","display_name":"Qadeer Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-6685","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-6685"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qadeer Arshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102775208","display_name":"Elizabeta B. Mukaetova\u2010Ladinska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-1095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-1095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800440371","display_name":"Leicester General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02zg49d29","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800440371","https://openalex.org/I2802445252"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","The Evington Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Evington Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800440371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043098553","display_name":"Mervyn George Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4630-1234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4630-1234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802445252","display_name":"University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02fha3693","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802445252"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mervyn G. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, United Kingdom","Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802445252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043098553","https://openalex.org/A5102775208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349","https://openalex.org/I2800440371","https://openalex.org/I2802445252"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70678245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"11","first_page":"101410","last_page":"101410"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14144","display_name":"Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-onset-dementia","display_name":"early-onset dementia","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-cognitive-disorder","display_name":"functional cognitive disorder","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-biomarkers","display_name":"multimodal biomarkers","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feasibility","display_name":"feasibility","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-potential","display_name":"diagnostic potential","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.5954999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502032728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","level":3,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182752723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474590","display_name":"Functional imaging","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780566141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3065932","display_name":"Cognitive disorder","level":4,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993918154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12131","display_name":"Functional impairment","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240620","display_name":"Ophthalmology Science","issn_l":"2666-9145","issn":["2666-9145"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmology Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42921319","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42921319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmology science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13693086","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13693086/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1642afd7f48d4538923e4a70b2626f30","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1642afd7f48d4538923e4a70b2626f30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmology Science, Vol 6, Iss 11, Pp 101410- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2026.101410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240620","display_name":"Ophthalmology Science","issn_l":"2666-9145","issn":["2666-9145"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmology Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G565312475","display_name":"MRC IAA 2021 University of Leicester","funder_award_id":"MR/X502777/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7529058720","display_name":"Genomic Epidemiology and Public Health Genomics","funder_award_id":"218505/Z/19/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320661","display_name":"Ulverscroft Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00p3nsd37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600451534","https://openalex.org/W2037899731","https://openalex.org/W2050605812","https://openalex.org/W2114943413","https://openalex.org/W2144084456","https://openalex.org/W2154203802","https://openalex.org/W2309633614","https://openalex.org/W2338896782","https://openalex.org/W2615792472","https://openalex.org/W2746627911","https://openalex.org/W2776261439","https://openalex.org/W2836102362","https://openalex.org/W2938319151","https://openalex.org/W2944532370","https://openalex.org/W2955346993","https://openalex.org/W2988405629","https://openalex.org/W3017125235","https://openalex.org/W3037143923","https://openalex.org/W3119349995","https://openalex.org/W3127567035","https://openalex.org/W3137899448","https://openalex.org/W3158733189","https://openalex.org/W3170654438","https://openalex.org/W4206992654","https://openalex.org/W4229059415","https://openalex.org/W4293116166","https://openalex.org/W4394613925","https://openalex.org/W4399759705","https://openalex.org/W4400942657","https://openalex.org/W4403728226","https://openalex.org/W4407319629","https://openalex.org/W4408780815","https://openalex.org/W4410429426","https://openalex.org/W4411875970","https://openalex.org/W4412421966","https://openalex.org/W4412726175","https://openalex.org/W4413484792","https://openalex.org/W4414711119","https://openalex.org/W7118180441","https://openalex.org/W7133500253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197214591","https://openalex.org/W2743629169","https://openalex.org/W3161128890","https://openalex.org/W3177910818","https://openalex.org/W4415591539","https://openalex.org/W2954814858","https://openalex.org/W2034736002","https://openalex.org/W3110963317","https://openalex.org/W4289688057","https://openalex.org/W7046684729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"To":[1],"evaluate":[2],"the":[3,110,116],"feasibility":[4],"and":[5,48,51,68,74,80,83,90,95,151,167,179,185,195,234],"diagnostic":[6,232],"utility":[7],"of":[8,191],"neuro-ophthalmic":[9,37,171],"biomarkers":[10,187],"as":[11,182,218],"objective,":[12,184],"culture-fair":[13,186],"tools":[14],"for":[15,188,202],"distinguishing":[16],"young-onset":[17],"dementia":[18],"(YOD)":[19],"from":[20,101,205],"functional":[21],"cognitive":[22],"disorder":[23],"(FCD).":[24],"Design:":[25],"A":[26],"cross-sectional":[27],"observational":[28],"study.":[29],"Participants:":[30],"=":[31,93,119,127,136],"16).":[32],"Methods:":[33],"Participants":[34],"underwent":[35],"point-of-care":[36],"assessments,":[38],"including":[39],"virtual":[40],"reality-based":[41],"eye":[42],"tracking":[43],"(BulbiCAM)":[44],"to":[45,56,105,230],"measure":[46],"saccadic":[47,124,196],"pupillary":[49,78],"responses,":[50],"handheld":[52],"electroretinography":[53],"(ERG)":[54],"(RETeval)":[55],"assess":[57],"retinal":[58],"ganglion":[59],"cell":[60],"function.":[61],"Main":[62],"Outcome":[63],"Measures:":[64],"Saccadic":[65],"latency":[66,125,153],"(horizontal":[67],"vertical),":[69],"pupillometric":[70],"parameters":[71],"(constriction":[72],"acceleration":[73,108],"velocity,":[75],"relative":[76],"afferent":[77],"defect,":[79],"baseline":[81],"diameter),":[82],"ERG":[84],"photopic":[85],"negative":[86],"response":[87],"(PhNR)":[88],"amplitude":[89,150],"latency.":[91],"Results:":[92],"0.02),":[94],"similarly":[96],"showed":[97,109,145,212],"a":[98,219],"stepwise":[99],"decline":[100],"controls":[102],"through":[103],"FCD":[104],"YOD.":[106,192],"Constriction":[107],"strongest":[111],"single-marker":[112],"performance":[113],"(area":[114],"under":[115],"curve":[117],"[AUC]":[118],"0.83),":[120],"followed":[121],"by":[122],"horizontal":[123],"(AUC":[126,135],"0.77).":[128],"Combining":[129],"these":[130],"2":[131],"measures":[132,144],"improved":[133],"discrimination":[134],"0.84),":[137],"with":[138,162],"high":[139,213],"specificity":[140],"(92.6%).":[141],"Electroretinography":[142],"PhNR":[143],"nonsignificant":[146],"trends":[147],"toward":[148],"reduced":[149],"delayed":[152],"in":[154,175,198,222,250,254],"cognitively":[155],"impaired":[156],"groups.":[157],"Participant":[158],"feedback":[159],"supported":[160],"feasibility,":[161],"over":[163],"93%":[164],"reporting":[165],"comfort":[166],"acceptability.":[168],"Conclusions:":[169],"Noninvasive":[170],"assessments":[172],"are":[173,228],"feasible":[174],"memory":[176],"clinic":[177],"settings":[178],"show":[180],"promise":[181],"rapid,":[183],"early":[189],"detection":[190],"Dynamic":[193],"pupillometry":[194],"latency,":[197],"particular,":[199],"demonstrate":[200],"potential":[201],"differentiating":[203],"YOD":[204],"nondementia":[206],"conditions,":[207],"while":[208],"their":[209],"combined":[210],"model":[211],"specificity,":[214],"supporting":[215],"possible":[216],"value":[217],"rule-in":[220],"adjunct":[221],"clinical":[223,235],"assessment.":[224],"Larger,":[225],"longitudinal":[226],"studies":[227],"required":[229],"validate":[231],"thresholds":[233],"implementation.":[236],"Financial":[237],"Disclosures:":[238],"The":[239],"author":[240],"has":[241],"no/the":[242],"authors":[243],"have":[244],"no":[245],"proprietary":[246],"or":[247],"commercial":[248],"interest":[249],"any":[251],"materials":[252],"discussed":[253],"this":[255],"article.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00"}