{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213464206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751784","title":"C1q from C1q + tumor-associated myeloid cells promotes resistance to T-cell engagers and CAR T-cells and is induced by LIF and glucocorticoids","display_name":"C1q from C1q + tumor-associated myeloid cells promotes resistance to T-cell engagers and CAR T-cells and is induced by LIF and glucocorticoids","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213464206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.15.751784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751784","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/17/2026.09.15.751784.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/17/2026.09.15.751784.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019392661","display_name":"Mar\u00eda L\u00f3pez V\u00e1zquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9603-4867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9603-4867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda L\u00f3pez-V\u00e1zquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068631048","display_name":"Sergio Espinosa-Gil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-8475","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-8475"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Espinosa-Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050462003","display_name":"Raffaella Iurlaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-6679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-6679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaella Iurlaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151956952","display_name":"Laura Carrillo Bosch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Carrillo-Bosch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048116496","display_name":"Ariadna Grinyo i Escuer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0185-2734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0185-2734"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariadna Griny\u00f3-Escuer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151987484","display_name":"Dario Solis Sayago","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dar\u00edo Sol\u00eds-Sayago","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151928269","display_name":"Alexandra Arias","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Arias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090301567","display_name":"Isabel Cuartas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-198X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-198X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel Cuartas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065530830","display_name":"Almudena Neva-Alejo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7803-6933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7803-6933"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Almudena Neva-Alejo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043079998","display_name":"Laia Cuesta\u2010Casanovas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laia Cuesta-Casanovas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000320566","display_name":"Ester Bonfill\u2010Teixidor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9260-448X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9260-448X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ester Bonfill-Teixidor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151964564","display_name":"Cayetano Galera Martinez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cayetano Galera-Mart\u00ednez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151925961","display_name":"Cesar Merino Allona","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9sar Merino-Allona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046188527","display_name":"Maria Duarte Leon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Duarte-Le\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080808086","display_name":"Irepan Salvador\u2010Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3188-9784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3188-9784"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142206","display_name":"Centro Nacional de An\u00e1lisis Gen\u00f3mico","ror":"https://ror.org/03mynna02","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142206"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irepan Salvador","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Nacional de An\u00e1lisis Gen\u00f3mico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Nacional de An\u00e1lisis Gen\u00f3mico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126337883","display_name":"Pablo Clavero","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115097","display_name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/02a2kzf50","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160192","display_name":"Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer","ror":"https://ror.org/054vayn55","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097","https://openalex.org/I4210160192","https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4403928279"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Clavero","raw_affiliation_strings":["FRCB-IDIBAPS, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FRCB-IDIBAPS, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097","https://openalex.org/I4210160192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035301272","display_name":"Marta Gim\u00e9nez-Alejandre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-4184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-4184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115097","display_name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/02a2kzf50","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160192","display_name":"Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer","ror":"https://ror.org/054vayn55","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097","https://openalex.org/I4210160192","https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4403928279"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Gim\u00e9nez-Alejandre","raw_affiliation_strings":["FRCB-IDIBAPS, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FRCB-IDIBAPS, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097","https://openalex.org/I4210160192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108945976","display_name":"Holger Heyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-1889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-1889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142206","display_name":"Centro Nacional de An\u00e1lisis Gen\u00f3mico","ror":"https://ror.org/03mynna02","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142206"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holger Heyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Nacional de An\u00e1lisis Gen\u00f3mico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Nacional de An\u00e1lisis Gen\u00f3mico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113455767","display_name":"Josep Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115097","display_name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/02a2kzf50","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160192","display_name":"Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer","ror":"https://ror.org/054vayn55","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097","https://openalex.org/I4210160192","https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4403928279"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["FRCB-IDIBAPS, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FRCB-IDIBAPS, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097","https://openalex.org/I4210160192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112662696","display_name":"Estela Pineda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2128-747X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2128-747X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115097","display_name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/02a2kzf50","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160192","display_name":"Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer","ror":"https://ror.org/054vayn55","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097","https://openalex.org/I4210160192","https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4403928279"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estela Pineda","raw_affiliation_strings":["FRCB-IDIBAPS, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FRCB-IDIBAPS, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097","https://openalex.org/I4210160192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065547362","display_name":"S\u00f2nia Guedan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-0760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-0760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115097","display_name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/02a2kzf50","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160192","display_name":"Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer","ror":"https://ror.org/054vayn55","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097","https://openalex.org/I4210160192","https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4403928279"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia Guedan","raw_affiliation_strings":["FRCB-IDIBAPS, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FRCB-IDIBAPS, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115097","https://openalex.org/I4210160192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021936733","display_name":"Francisco Mart\u00ednez Ricarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4567-0828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4567-0828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Mart\u00ednez-Ricarte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064766886","display_name":"Joan Seoane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6541-5974","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6541-5974"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11932220","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157913058","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4210153292"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155398","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/054xx3904","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joan Seoane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain, CIBERONC, Spain","Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona; 08193, Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, Spain","Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain, CIBERONC, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona; 08193, Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064766886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11932220","https://openalex.org/I123044942","https://openalex.org/I4210127641","https://openalex.org/I4387155398"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.725600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.725600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11313","display_name":"Immune cells in cancer","score":0.0820000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.07559999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c1q","display_name":"C1q","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-associated-myeloid-cells","display_name":"tumor-associated myeloid cells","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glioblastoma","display_name":"glioblastoma","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-engagers","display_name":"T-cell engagers","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chimeric-antigen-receptor-t-cells","display_name":"chimeric antigen receptor T cells","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy-resistance","display_name":"immunotherapy resistance","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppressive-tumor-microenvironment","display_name":"immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lif","display_name":"LiF","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucocorticoids","display_name":"glucocorticoids","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c1qa","display_name":"C1QA","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nf1-mutation","display_name":"NF1 mutation","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesenchymal-glioblastoma","display_name":"mesenchymal glioblastoma","score":0.9549999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.6050999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.5746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994430510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270846","display_name":"Myeloid cells","level":3,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786433","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","level":3,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779282312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1956561","display_name":"Myeloid","level":2,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778468042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273976","display_name":"Blockade","level":3,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198826908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1922379","display_name":"Mesenchymal stem cell","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2225953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661899","display_name":"Inducer","level":3,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780252810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455316","display_name":"Immunosuppression","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.15.751784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751784","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/17/2026.09.15.751784.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.15.751784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.15.751784","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/17/2026.09.15.751784.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4229289867","display_name":"Immune4ALL. Explorando la viabilidad de biomarcadores predictivos y farmacodin\u00e1micos de inmunoterapia en tumores s\u00f3lidos","funder_award_id":"PMP22/00054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334923","funder_display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4463507125","display_name":"Estudio del microambiente tumoral y la respuesta inmune en los gliomas difusos con incidencia mutacional alta inducida por la quimioterapia","funder_award_id":"PI22/00130","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334923","funder_display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334923","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213464206.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213464206.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1792532087","https://openalex.org/W1824670638","https://openalex.org/W1994006339","https://openalex.org/W2001717792","https://openalex.org/W2096287682","https://openalex.org/W2123879591","https://openalex.org/W2130410032","https://openalex.org/W2151335185","https://openalex.org/W2151572058","https://openalex.org/W2406250479","https://openalex.org/W2595863515","https://openalex.org/W2622909676","https://openalex.org/W2796584001","https://openalex.org/W2801309958","https://openalex.org/W2801418288","https://openalex.org/W2904266952","https://openalex.org/W2907514116","https://openalex.org/W2928930840","https://openalex.org/W2951675934","https://openalex.org/W2953263404","https://openalex.org/W2984472267","https://openalex.org/W3006653136","https://openalex.org/W3008958804","https://openalex.org/W3014980845","https://openalex.org/W3126609356","https://openalex.org/W3134659811","https://openalex.org/W3200303312","https://openalex.org/W3211080620","https://openalex.org/W3214607637","https://openalex.org/W4221026742","https://openalex.org/W4288987527","https://openalex.org/W4289518003","https://openalex.org/W4310153812","https://openalex.org/W4312344592","https://openalex.org/W4313427356","https://openalex.org/W4378212544","https://openalex.org/W4379508045","https://openalex.org/W4392499031","https://openalex.org/W4394998531","https://openalex.org/W4404252777","https://openalex.org/W4407956694","https://openalex.org/W4410961676","https://openalex.org/W7162535123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388588357","https://openalex.org/W4391252871","https://openalex.org/W7135027556","https://openalex.org/W4412784997","https://openalex.org/W4309014858","https://openalex.org/W4400517754","https://openalex.org/W4388084767","https://openalex.org/W3215527973","https://openalex.org/W1934298787","https://openalex.org/W4411948330"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Immunotherapies,":[0],"particularly":[1],"T-cell":[2,68,75],"engagers":[3,76],"(TCEs)":[4,77],"and":[5,70,78,90,110,148,173,187,223,226],"CAR":[6,79,91,221],"T-cells,":[7],"have":[8],"shown":[9],"limited":[10],"efficacy":[11],"in":[12,52,57,151,218,236],"solid":[13],"tumors,":[14],"partly":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,88,129,232],"an":[18,103,139,162],"immunosuppressive":[19,55,216],"tumor":[20,97],"microenvironment":[21],"(TME).":[22],"However,":[23],"the":[24,29,54,62,72,112,116,167,177,190,201],"molecular":[25],"mechanisms":[26],"by":[27,42,181,206],"which":[28,101],"TME":[30,56],"impairs":[31],"immunotherapy":[32,234],"remain":[33],"poorly":[34],"understood.":[35],"Here,":[36],"we":[37,122,174,196],"found":[38,175],"that":[39,124,176,198],"C1q":[40,66,170,180,199],"generated":[41],"C1q\u207a":[43,134,212],"tumor-associated":[44],"myeloid":[45],"cells":[46],"(TAMs)":[47],"plays":[48],"a":[49],"fundamental":[50],"role":[51],"shaping":[53],"glioblastoma":[58],"(GBM),":[59],"one":[60],"of":[61,74,83,119,159,169,179],"most":[63],"aggressive":[64],"tumors.":[65],"suppressed":[67],"activation":[69],"impaired":[71],"activity":[73],"T-cells.":[80,92],"Genetic":[81],"ablation":[82],"C1qa":[84,191],"improved":[85],"anti-tumor":[86,202],"responses":[87,235],"TCEs":[89],"We":[93],"used":[94],"innovative":[95],"patient-derived":[96],"tissue":[98],"cultures":[99],"(PDTTCs),":[100],"preserve":[102],"intact":[104],"TME,":[105],"from":[106],"19":[107],"GBM":[108,193],"patients":[109],"identified":[111,133],"LIF":[113,128,160,207],"cytokine":[114],"as":[115,214,229],"main":[117],"inducer":[118],"C1q.":[120,131],"Moreover,":[121],"discovered":[123],"glucocorticoids":[125],"cooperate":[126],"with":[127,138,145,154],"induce":[130],"The":[132,157],"TAM":[135],"signature":[136],"overlapped":[137],"anti-LIF":[140,163,182],"gene":[141],"signature,":[142],"was":[143,149],"associated":[144],"poor":[146],"prognosis,":[147],"enriched":[150],"mesenchymal":[152],"GBMs":[153],"NF1":[155],"mutations.":[156],"blockade":[158],"using":[161],"neutralizing":[164],"antibody":[165],"decreased":[166],"presence":[168],"+":[171],"TAMs,":[172],"regulation":[178],"is":[183],"conserved":[184],"between":[185],"human":[186],"mouse.":[188],"Using":[189],"\u207b/\u207b":[192],"mouse":[194],"model,":[195],"showed":[197],"mediates":[200],"immune":[203],"response":[204],"induced":[205],"blockade.":[208],"Our":[209],"findings":[210],"identify":[211],"TAMs":[213],"key":[215],"players":[217],"GBM,":[219],"impairing":[220],"T-cells":[222],"TCE":[224],"activity,":[225],"position":[227],"them":[228],"therapeutic":[230],"targets":[231],"improve":[233],"this":[237],"devastating":[238],"disease.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00"}