{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213445301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800725","title":"Politics as the Malignant Pandemic Associated with Callousness: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis Review","display_name":"Politics as the Malignant Pandemic Associated with Callousness: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213445301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800725","pdf_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss8-pg10688-10696-202609_pdf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198394","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","issn_l":"2454-6186","issn":["2454-6186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss8-pg10688-10696-202609_pdf.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087245814","display_name":"Salim Matagi Omambia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-4987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-4987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116082035","display_name":"Kenya Medical Training College","ror":"https://ror.org/02ccxj712","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116082035"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dr Salim Omambia Matagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya","Kenya Medical Training College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Medical Training College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116082035"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087245814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116082035"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"10688","last_page":"10696"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.7914999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.7914999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.04740000143647194,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partisanship","display_name":"partisanship","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-polarization","display_name":"political polarization","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/callousness","display_name":"callousness","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"misinformation","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distrust","display_name":"distrust","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-paralysis","display_name":"policy paralysis","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-backsliding","display_name":"democratic backsliding","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"empathy","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-based-reasoning","display_name":"evidence-based reasoning","score":0.8309999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.8725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522562087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330963","display_name":"Politics of the United States","level":3,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538383745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570874","display_name":"Global politics","level":3,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777219063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283086","display_name":"Servant","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800725","pdf_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss8-pg10688-10696-202609_pdf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198394","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","issn_l":"2454-6186","issn":["2454-6186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800725","pdf_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss8-pg10688-10696-202609_pdf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198394","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","issn_l":"2454-6186","issn":["2454-6186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213445301.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213445301.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111407475","https://openalex.org/W3174451514","https://openalex.org/W4200359487","https://openalex.org/W4206406281","https://openalex.org/W4313656160","https://openalex.org/W4380152118","https://openalex.org/W4386159385","https://openalex.org/W4400054930","https://openalex.org/W4401482298","https://openalex.org/W4402484192","https://openalex.org/W4409336883","https://openalex.org/W4410573955","https://openalex.org/W7148862105","https://openalex.org/W7197002918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4291146185","https://openalex.org/W3089073204","https://openalex.org/W4403770130","https://openalex.org/W4396891253","https://openalex.org/W3179126695","https://openalex.org/W4224273546","https://openalex.org/W4417496934","https://openalex.org/W4302608484","https://openalex.org/W4415698605","https://openalex.org/W4410543174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"the":[1,7,79,89,92,100,130,160,164,167,171,211,222],"polarizing":[2],"agents,":[3],"politics":[4,15,58,97,120,153,202,213],"is":[5,59,98,154,188,197,221],"ranked":[6],"most":[8,131],"destructive":[9],"to":[10,19,27,78,87,91,158,173,183],"Mother":[11],"Earth.":[12],"Modern":[13],"partisan":[14,96],"can":[16],"be":[17],"likened":[18],"a":[20,66,75,143,146,189,193,199,216],"virus":[21],"that":[22,57,69,94,201,210,225],"takes":[23],"over":[24],"healthy":[25],"cells":[26],"replicate":[28],"and":[29,39,51,73,105,110,133,166,169,176,209],"spread.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32,137],"context,":[33],"it":[34,63],"hijacks":[35],"citizens'":[36],"reason,":[37],"empathy,":[38],"capacity":[40],"for":[41,107,136,145],"evidence-based":[42],"thinking,":[43],"turning":[44],"them":[45],"into":[46],"carriers":[47],"of":[48,81,124],"misinformation,":[49],"distrust,":[50],"policy":[52],"paralysis.":[53],"This":[54,84],"study":[55,85],"argues":[56],"not":[60,198],"just":[61],"dysfunctional;":[62],"has":[64,203,214],"become":[65],"malignant":[67],"pandemic":[68],"mutates,":[70],"evades":[71],"immunity,":[72],"poses":[74],"serious":[76],"threat":[77],"survival":[80],"democratic":[82],"societies.":[83],"sought":[86],"sensitize":[88],"public":[90,172],"fact":[93],"modern":[95],"wrecking":[99],"world.":[101],"The":[102,140],"Preferred":[103],"Methods":[104],"Methodology":[106],"Systematic":[108],"Reviews":[109],"Meta-Analyses":[111],"guidelines":[112],"were":[113,127],"applied":[114],"among":[115],"70+":[116],"publications":[117],"(2019-2026)":[118],"on":[119],"linkages.":[121],"A":[122],"total":[123],"23":[125],"articles":[126,135],"selected":[128],"as":[129],"cited":[132],"relevant":[134],"systematic":[138],"review.":[139],"findings":[141],"highlight":[142],"path":[144],"better":[147],"future":[148],"by":[149],"recognizing":[150],"how":[151],"damaging":[152],"metamorphosing,":[155],"working":[156],"together":[157],"mitigate":[159],"inherent":[161],"conflicts":[162],"between":[163],"proletariat":[165],"bourgeoisie,":[168],"encouraging":[170],"demand":[174],"responsibility":[175],"openness":[177],"from":[178],"their":[179],"leaders":[180],"in":[181],"order":[182],"share":[184],"best":[185],"practices.":[186],"Politics":[187],"good":[190],"servant":[191],"but":[192],"bad":[194],"master.":[195],"It":[196],"paradox":[200],"destroyed":[204],"some":[205],"nations":[206],"beyond":[207],"recognition":[208],"same":[212],"developed":[215],"few":[217],"admirable":[218],"nations.":[219],"Integrity":[220],"quiet":[223],"strength":[224],"carries":[226],"you":[227],"through":[228],"life.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00"}