{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213441013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18911803261486466","title":"The Role of AI in Early Educational Settings : A Systematic Review with a Methodological Exploration of an AI-Assisted Review Workflow","display_name":"The Role of AI in Early Educational Settings : A Systematic Review with a Methodological Exploration of an AI-Assisted Review Workflow","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213441013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18911803261486466","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42973921","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13724888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/18911803261486466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18911803261486466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18911803261486466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739193000","display_name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","issn_l":"1891-1803","issn":["1891-1803"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314072","host_organization_name":"The Campbell Collaboration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314072"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Campbell Collaboration"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18911803261486466","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102860434","display_name":"Esther Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-6602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-6602"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-6602","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029093875","display_name":"Samantha Burns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5251-0369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5251-0369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Guelph"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Guelph","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046078658","display_name":"Joel P. Wiebe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-6290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-6290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel P. Wiebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151955390","display_name":"Maria Tsiokos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5278-9479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5278-9479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Tsiokos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5278-9479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151926683","display_name":"Emma Pancham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2517-1670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2517-1670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Pancham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2517-1670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083290210","display_name":"Michal Perlman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6728-8067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6728-8067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michal Perlman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083290210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43149728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"18911803261486466","last_page":"18911803261486466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.4535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.4535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.36719998717308044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.1655000001192093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-education","display_name":"artificial intelligence in education","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-childhood-education","display_name":"early childhood education","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool","display_name":"preschool","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-care","display_name":"child care","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-development-outcomes","display_name":"child development outcomes","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-development","display_name":"language development","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy-development","display_name":"literacy development","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-assisted-data-extraction","display_name":"AI-assisted data extraction","score":0.7419999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.6525999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.5717999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777082460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3377398","display_name":"Early childhood","level":2,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778073708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330667","display_name":"Language development","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178229462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472221","display_name":"Early childhood education","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109260823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407784","display_name":"Child development","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36727532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861399","display_name":"Educational research","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/18911803261486466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18911803261486466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18911803261486466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739193000","display_name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","issn_l":"1891-1803","issn":["1891-1803"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314072","host_organization_name":"The Campbell Collaboration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314072"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Campbell Collaboration"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13724888","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13724888/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13724888/pdf/10.1177_18911803261486466.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Campbell Syst Rev","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42973921","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42973921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Campbell systematic reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:33faa272fc6d41379786da469f066694","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/33faa272fc6d41379786da469f066694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews, Vol 22 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/18911803261486466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18911803261486466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18911803261486466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739193000","display_name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","issn_l":"1891-1803","issn":["1891-1803"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314072","host_organization_name":"The Campbell Collaboration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314072"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Campbell Collaboration"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"},{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213441013.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213441013.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5724314","https://openalex.org/W2101557912","https://openalex.org/W2150696107","https://openalex.org/W2156863109","https://openalex.org/W2531269403","https://openalex.org/W2534589789","https://openalex.org/W2614484657","https://openalex.org/W2623107180","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2771056400","https://openalex.org/W2792246199","https://openalex.org/W2895597574","https://openalex.org/W2963849010","https://openalex.org/W2968152614","https://openalex.org/W2979717997","https://openalex.org/W2990648940","https://openalex.org/W3004720641","https://openalex.org/W3005864768","https://openalex.org/W3037263474","https://openalex.org/W3047571956","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3172980472","https://openalex.org/W3180659761","https://openalex.org/W3199331710","https://openalex.org/W4205990442","https://openalex.org/W4206492610","https://openalex.org/W4224253948","https://openalex.org/W4224912036","https://openalex.org/W4283448446","https://openalex.org/W4366489368","https://openalex.org/W4387394051","https://openalex.org/W4387656311","https://openalex.org/W4390592426","https://openalex.org/W4390645435","https://openalex.org/W4395050309","https://openalex.org/W4400454376","https://openalex.org/W4401610169","https://openalex.org/W4402430903","https://openalex.org/W4408118622","https://openalex.org/W4408493254","https://openalex.org/W4415871506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206492610","https://openalex.org/W4409375569","https://openalex.org/W7214276990","https://openalex.org/W7171560039","https://openalex.org/W7127137324","https://openalex.org/W4404772500","https://openalex.org/W7165031710","https://openalex.org/W7092208311","https://openalex.org/W4404139910","https://openalex.org/W4406612241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Early":[1],"educational":[2,66,169],"settings,":[3,31,67],"such":[4],"as":[5],"child":[6,106,119],"care,":[7],"preschool,":[8],"kindergarten,":[9],"and":[10,39,93,103,105,115,118,142,152,158,177,185,198,207],"early":[11,65,168],"school":[12],"classrooms,":[13],"are":[14,26,37,190],"important":[15],"contexts":[16],"for":[17,175],"supporting":[18],"young":[19],"children's":[20,153],"development.":[21],"Artificial":[22],"intelligence":[23],"(AI)-based":[24],"activities":[25,63,166],"being":[27],"introduced":[28],"into":[29],"these":[30],"yet":[32],"evidence":[33,77,181],"on":[34,98],"how":[35],"they":[36],"used":[38],"what":[40],"developmental":[41,107,194],"outcomes":[42],"their":[43],"use":[44],"is":[45,183],"associated":[46],"with":[47],"remains":[48],"limited.":[49],"Objectives:":[50],"This":[51],"review":[52],"provides":[53],"a":[54],"narrative":[55],"synthesis":[56],"of":[57,87],"the":[58,180],"empirical":[59,83],"studies":[60,84,189],"examining":[61],"AI-based":[62,101,165],"in":[64,111,167,214],"using":[68],"an":[69],"AI-assisted":[70],"workflow":[71],"to":[72,192],"support":[73],"data":[74],"extraction":[75],"during":[76],"synthesis.":[78],"Methods:":[79],"We":[80],"identified":[81],"13":[82],"through":[85],"searches":[86],"seven":[88],"academic":[89],"databases,":[90],"including":[91,122],"PsycINFO":[92],"ERIC.":[94],"Information":[95],"was":[96],"extracted":[97],"study":[99,112],"characteristics,":[100],"tools":[102],"activities,":[104],"outcomes.":[108],"Given":[109],"heterogeneity":[110],"designs,":[113],"tool":[114],"activity":[116],"types,":[117],"outcomes,":[120,195],"findings,":[121],"statistical":[123],"ones,":[124],"were":[125,148],"synthesized":[126],"results":[127],"narratively.":[128],"Results:":[129],"(n":[130,155,160],"=":[131,156,161],"2),":[132],"demonstrating":[133],"potential":[134,208],"benefits":[135],"across":[136],"cognitive,":[137],"language,":[138],"literacy,":[139,178],"social,":[140],"emotional,":[141],"fine":[143],"motor":[144],"domains.":[145],"Most":[146],"associations":[147],"found":[149],"between":[150],"AI":[151],"language":[154,176],"5)":[157],"literacy":[159],"3).":[162],"Author\u2019s":[163],"Conclusions:":[164],"settings":[170],"show":[171],"preliminary":[172],"promise,":[173],"particularly":[174],"but":[179],"base":[182],"limited":[184],"heterogeneous.":[186],"More":[187],"rigorous":[188],"needed":[191],"examine":[193],"equity,":[196],"safety,":[197],"sustained":[199],"effects.":[200],"Researchers":[201],"should":[202],"specifically":[203],"address":[204],"equity":[205],"issues":[206],"adverse":[209],"effects":[210],"when":[211],"conducting":[212],"research":[213],"this":[215],"area.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00"}
