{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213432437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22437/nb08zp53","title":"Preventing Investment Treaty Violations during Political Crises: Lessons from De Sutter v. Madagascar (II) Case","display_name":"Preventing Investment Treaty Violations during Political Crises: Lessons from De Sutter v. Madagascar (II) Case","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213432437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22437/nb08zp53"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22437/nb08zp53","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22437/nb08zp53","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22437/nb08zp53","pdf_url":"https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/Utipossidetis/article/download/54583/25661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174668","display_name":"Uti Possidetis Journal of International Law","issn_l":"2721-8031","issn":["2721-8031","2721-8333"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/Utipossidetis/article/download/54583/25661","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092697829","display_name":"Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea Manitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6852-8780","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6852-8780"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29617571","display_name":"University of Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea Manitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASTA Research Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar & Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASTA Research Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar & Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066534784","display_name":"Rakotoarisoa Maminirina Fenitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-3404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-3404"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29617571","display_name":"University of Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["ID","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakotoarisoa Maminirina Fenitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASTA Research Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar & Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia & Faculty of Economics and Businesss, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASTA Research Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar & Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia & Faculty of Economics and Businesss, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29617571","https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120921314","display_name":"Randrianasolo Tsanganasy Brico","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29617571","display_name":"University of Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randrianasolo Tsanganasy Brico","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASTA Research Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar & Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASTA Research Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar & Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"361","last_page":"391"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14515","display_name":"International Law and Aviation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-treaty-law","display_name":"investment treaty law","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-crisis","display_name":"political crisis","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-instability","display_name":"political instability","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-responsibility","display_name":"state responsibility","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-protection-and-security","display_name":"full protection and security","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/due-diligence","display_name":"due diligence","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investor-state-dispute-settlement","display_name":"investor-state dispute settlement","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-warning-mechanism","display_name":"early warning mechanism","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-coordination","display_name":"institutional coordination","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-integrity","display_name":"judicial integrity","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-state-obligations","display_name":"host state obligations","score":0.8080000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131569","display_name":"Treaty","level":2,"score":0.7702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781016034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794134","display_name":"Due diligence","level":2,"score":0.6334999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778042224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163552","display_name":"State responsibility","level":3,"score":0.5720999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63143784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7885121","display_name":"Political risk","level":3,"score":0.5400999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5210999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.41429999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780338674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060880","display_name":"Investment protection","level":4,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777246536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671773","display_name":"Bilateral investment treaty","level":4,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199286143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404417","display_name":"Legal liability","level":3,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185436325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"Public international law","level":3,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779872411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774161","display_name":"International community","level":3,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509929229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3312693","display_name":"International security","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22437/nb08zp53","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22437/nb08zp53","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22437/nb08zp53","pdf_url":"https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/Utipossidetis/article/download/54583/25661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174668","display_name":"Uti Possidetis Journal of International Law","issn_l":"2721-8031","issn":["2721-8031","2721-8333"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22437/nb08zp53","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22437/nb08zp53","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22437/nb08zp53","pdf_url":"https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/Utipossidetis/article/download/54583/25661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174668","display_name":"Uti Possidetis Journal of International Law","issn_l":"2721-8031","issn":["2721-8031","2721-8333"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213432437.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7213432437.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47137181","https://openalex.org/W1995844969","https://openalex.org/W2011370193","https://openalex.org/W2044657187","https://openalex.org/W2053721674","https://openalex.org/W2140254662","https://openalex.org/W2149113113","https://openalex.org/W2622214921","https://openalex.org/W2754752013","https://openalex.org/W2893330291","https://openalex.org/W2966279817","https://openalex.org/W2981518392","https://openalex.org/W3000144517","https://openalex.org/W3109616665","https://openalex.org/W3115343363","https://openalex.org/W3123614903","https://openalex.org/W3130375043","https://openalex.org/W3134089560","https://openalex.org/W3205700766","https://openalex.org/W3208309783","https://openalex.org/W4200505022","https://openalex.org/W4213318459","https://openalex.org/W4226490277","https://openalex.org/W4241441943","https://openalex.org/W4307385641","https://openalex.org/W4312191365","https://openalex.org/W4321486447","https://openalex.org/W4389612553","https://openalex.org/W4392605579","https://openalex.org/W4396685625","https://openalex.org/W4399971458","https://openalex.org/W4405044453","https://openalex.org/W4406368674","https://openalex.org/W4406986603","https://openalex.org/W4409666079","https://openalex.org/W4411569088","https://openalex.org/W4413368510","https://openalex.org/W4413684804","https://openalex.org/W4414712376","https://openalex.org/W4416394008","https://openalex.org/W4416511747","https://openalex.org/W7108212955","https://openalex.org/W7117665671","https://openalex.org/W7128055874","https://openalex.org/W7204021801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4292607246","https://openalex.org/W2790350761","https://openalex.org/W7093543095","https://openalex.org/W4243953817","https://openalex.org/W4214638304","https://openalex.org/W646956129","https://openalex.org/W3131708068","https://openalex.org/W2894393166","https://openalex.org/W7057503585","https://openalex.org/W904401228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Political":[1],"crises":[2,109],"often":[3],"expose":[4],"structural":[5],"weaknesses":[6],"in":[7,25],"State":[8,17,95,104,149,199],"governance,":[9],"raising":[10],"critical":[11],"questions":[12],"about":[13],"the":[14,75,88,142,155,165,168],"extent":[15],"of":[16,56,90,118,144,198],"responsibility":[18,105,200],"under":[19],"international":[20,138],"investment":[21,119],"treaty":[22,120],"law,":[23],"particularly":[24],"ensuring":[26],"Full":[27],"Protection":[28],"and":[29,82,94,110,125,147,159,179],"Security":[30],"(FPS)":[31],"for":[32,115,216],"foreign":[33],"investors.":[34],"The":[35,98,129],"De":[36,76],"Sutter":[37,77],"v.":[38,78],"Madagascar":[39,79],"(II)":[40,80],"case":[41,70],"provides":[42],"a":[43,63,69,83,194,203,213],"relevant":[44],"context":[45],"to":[46,101,111,157,161,186],"reassess":[47],"how":[48,103],"domestic":[49],"political":[50,108,133,219],"instability":[51,134],"interacts":[52],"with":[53,208],"legal":[54,65,124],"obligations":[55,139],"Host":[57],"State.":[58],"Methodology:":[59],"This":[60,191],"study":[61,71,169],"employs":[62],"doctrinal":[64],"research":[66,192],"method":[67],"using":[68],"approach":[72,85],"centred":[73],"on":[74,87],"award":[81],"conceptual":[84],"based":[86],"doctrines":[89],"due":[91,205],"diligence,":[92],"FPS,":[93],"responsibility.":[96],"Objectives:":[97],"paper":[99],"aims":[100],"explain":[102],"operates":[106],"during":[107],"develop":[112],"practical":[113],"pathways":[114],"future":[116,188],"prevention":[117],"violations":[121],"through":[122],"strengthened":[123],"institutional":[126,177,210],"frameworks.":[127],"Findings:":[128],"analysis":[130],"shows":[131],"that":[132],"does":[135],"not":[136],"reduce":[137],"but":[140],"increases":[141],"expectation":[143],"vigilance,":[145],"preparedness,":[146],"coordinated":[148],"action.":[150],"Liability":[151],"arises":[152],"primarily":[153],"from":[154],"failure":[156],"anticipate":[158],"respond":[160],"foreseeable":[162],"risks.":[163],"At":[164],"same":[166],"time,":[167],"identifies":[170],"preventive":[171,196],"measures,":[172],"including":[173],"early":[174],"warning":[175],"mechanisms,":[176],"coordination,":[178],"post-crisis":[180],"judicial":[181],"integrity,":[182],"as":[183],"essential":[184],"tools":[185],"minimise":[187],"violations.":[189],"Originality/Novelty:":[190],"proposes":[193],"clear":[195],"action":[197],"by":[201],"integrating":[202],"context-sensitive":[204],"diligence":[206],"standard":[207],"concrete":[209],"reforms,":[211],"offering":[212],"focused":[214],"framework":[215],"managing":[217],"recurring":[218],"instability.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00"}
