{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213298640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","title":"Burden of cancer in Africa, 1990\u20132023: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","display_name":"Burden of cancer in Africa, 1990\u20132023: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213298640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743938","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13619546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116900674","display_name":"The Lancet Oncology","issn_l":"1470-2045","issn":["1470-2045","1474-5488"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053229273","display_name":"Atalel Fentahun Awedew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8611-599X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8611-599X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117424","display_name":"Debre Tabor University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzfxf13","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117424"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atalel Fentahun Awedew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046071201","display_name":"Sherief Mohamed Abd-Elsalam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-2218","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-2218"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21376657","display_name":"Tanta University","ror":"https://ror.org/016jp5b92","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21376657"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherief Abd-Elsalam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Egypt, Tanta, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Egypt, Tanta, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21376657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123319632","display_name":"Auwal Abdullahi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600929","display_name":"Federal University Wukari","ror":"https://ror.org/04t8bw757","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919958821","display_name":"Bayero University Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/049pzty39","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Auwal Abdullahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria","Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068753264","display_name":"Mesfin Abebe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-0091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-0091"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136909","display_name":"Dilla University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ahz4692","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136909"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mesfin Abebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Midwifery, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Midwifery, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028044934","display_name":"Kedir Hussein Abegaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-1643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-1643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283442259","display_name":"Madda Walabu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zte5g15","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283442259"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kedir Hussein Abegaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283442259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069909438","display_name":"Alemwork Abie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3901-7905","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3901-7905"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alemwork Abie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087582641","display_name":"Richard Gyan Aboagye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-2909","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-2909"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254651091","display_name":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/054tfvs49","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU","GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Gyan Aboagye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana","School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070812359","display_name":"Bilyaminu Abubakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-4840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-4840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49433721","display_name":"Nigerian Institute of Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk9k137","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49433721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55202024","display_name":"Usmanu Danfodiyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/006er0w72","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55202024"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilyaminu Abubakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria","Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55202024"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49433721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005386472","display_name":"Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-6997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-6997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052175315","display_name":"Ayman Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-9508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-9508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150406212","display_name":"University of Khartoum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbayz55","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150406212"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan","Pan-African One Health Institute (PAOHI), Kigali, Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150406212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pan-African One Health Institute (PAOHI), Kigali, Rwanda","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033526909","display_name":"Timothy Olukunle Aladelusi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5665-5004","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5665-5004"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181631907","display_name":"University of Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/03wx2rr30","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800598127","display_name":"University College Hospital, Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/022yvqh08","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800598127"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Olukunle Aladelusi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5142545350","display_name":"Mohammed Usman Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64351976","display_name":"University of Maiduguri","ror":"https://ror.org/016na8197","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"]}],"countries":["HK","NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Usman Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria","Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074017588","display_name":"Hubert Amu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0218-3843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0218-3843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254651091","display_name":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/054tfvs49","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hubert Amu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078488099","display_name":"Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161374704","display_name":"University of Jos","ror":"https://ror.org/009kx9832","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149308","display_name":"Jos University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/042vvex07","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149308"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria","Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161374704","https://openalex.org/I4210149308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063284876","display_name":"Haftu Asmerom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-8603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-8603"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153487414","display_name":"Haramaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/059yk7s89","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153487414"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haftu Asmerom","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153487414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019822953","display_name":"Amlaku Mulat Aweke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-4585","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-4585"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amlaku Mulat Aweke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151723833","display_name":"Ahmed Y Azzam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165376","display_name":"October 6 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05y06tg49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165376"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257973","display_name":"American Society for Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity in Healthcare (ASIDE)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wjjh025","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257973"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Y Azzam","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASIDE Healthcare, Lewes, DE, USA","Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASIDE Healthcare, Lewes, DE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147441509","display_name":"Wondu Feyisa Feyisa Balcha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wondu Feyisa Feyisa Balcha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076316112","display_name":"Afisu Basiru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-9464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-9464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134542131","display_name":"University of Ilorin","ror":"https://ror.org/032kdwk38","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afisu Basiru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088600819","display_name":"Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9267-0906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9267-0906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1443707","display_name":"Jimma University","ror":"https://ror.org/05eer8g02","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1443707"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nebiyou Simegnew Bayleyegn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1443707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114901419","display_name":"Bekalu Mekonen Belay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7193-4881","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7193-4881"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117424","display_name":"Debre Tabor University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzfxf13","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117424"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bekalu Mekonen Belay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137630653","display_name":"Melesse Belayneh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melesse Belayneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","Department of Public Health, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140007133","display_name":"Alemshet Yirga Berhie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alemshet Yirga Berhie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067774642","display_name":"Eyob Ketema Bogale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0010-3750","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0010-3750"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eyob Ketema Bogale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Promotion and Behavioural Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Promotion and Behavioural Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058487910","display_name":"Souad Bouaoud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40193446","display_name":"University Ferhat Abbas of Setif","ror":"https://ror.org/02rzqza52","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40193446"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Souad Bouaoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Saadna Abdenour, Setif, Algeria","Department of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Saadna Abdenour, Setif, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40193446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40193446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088734614","display_name":"Isaac Sunday Chukwu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-1845","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-1845"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110368","display_name":"Federal Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/026dr4n55","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110368"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Sunday Chukwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatric Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatric Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082089131","display_name":"Bashir Dabo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919958821","display_name":"Bayero University Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/049pzty39","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}],"countries":["NG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bashir Dabo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071105224","display_name":"Robert Kokou Dowou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4260-9618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4260-9618"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254651091","display_name":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/054tfvs49","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Kokou Dowou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051818977","display_name":"Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7781-3507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7781-3507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155186","display_name":"University of Medical Sciences, Ondo","ror":"https://ror.org/00q898q52","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155186"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089400220","display_name":"Iman El Sayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1088-958X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1088-958X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman El Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127828847","display_name":"Muhammed Elhadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295876152","display_name":"Houston Methodist","ror":"https://ror.org/027zt9171","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammed Elhadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020812431","display_name":"Mohammed Elshaer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Elshaer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027016478","display_name":"Ibrahim Elsohaby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2533-988X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2533-988X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Elsohaby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt","Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012348716","display_name":"Destaw Endeshaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9737-4604","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9737-4604"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Destaw Endeshaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Adult Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Adult Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041197496","display_name":"Omotayo Francis Fagbule","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1351-9659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1351-9659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181631907","display_name":"University of Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/03wx2rr30","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}],"countries":["NG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omotayo Francis Fagbule","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042204087","display_name":"Ginenus Fekadu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4926-0685","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4926-0685"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I301615471","display_name":"Wollega University","ror":"https://ror.org/00316zc91","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I301615471"]}],"countries":["ET","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ginenus Fekadu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Department of Pharmacy, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I301615471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006802810","display_name":"Bikila Regassa Feyisa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7191-0218","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7191-0218"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1443707","display_name":"Jimma University","ror":"https://ror.org/05eer8g02","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1443707"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I301615471","display_name":"Wollega University","ror":"https://ror.org/00316zc91","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I301615471"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bikila Regassa Feyisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia","Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I301615471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1443707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056691060","display_name":"MA Gadanya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151464","display_name":"Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05wqbqy84","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151464"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919958821","display_name":"Bayero University Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/049pzty39","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muktar A Gadanya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria","Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139807827","display_name":"Mesfin Gebrehiwot","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125543","display_name":"Ethiopian Environment Protection Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/0318awh51","country_code":"ET","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125543"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mesfin Gebrehiwot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Study Desk, Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Study Desk, Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088712356","display_name":"Genanew Kassie Getahun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-5433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-5433"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446374","display_name":"Menelik II Medical and Health Science College","ror":"https://ror.org/016eff762","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genanew K Getahun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051054311","display_name":"Simegnew Asmer Getie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0748-0978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0748-0978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simegnew Asmer Getie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109791724","display_name":"Alem Girmay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78545622","display_name":"Aksum University","ror":"https://ror.org/003659f07","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alem Abera Girmay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051133705","display_name":"Mesay Dechasa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-1049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-1049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153487414","display_name":"Haramaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/059yk7s89","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153487414"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mesay Dechasa Gudeta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153487414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090685099","display_name":"Tesfahun Simon Hadaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5983-9830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5983-9830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42869670","display_name":"Arba Minch University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ssp9h11","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42869670"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tesfahun Simon Simon Hadaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42869670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024436035","display_name":"Nadia \u039c. Hamdy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2105-107X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2105-107X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadia M Hamdy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067098212","display_name":"Ahmed I Hasaballah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-1958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-1958"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed I Hasaballah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151703609","display_name":"Ikrama Hassan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800437794","display_name":"Federal University Lafia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p5jz112","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800437794"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284157","display_name":"Federal University Teaching Hospital, Lafia","ror":"https://ror.org/031zc9j74","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284157"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikrama Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine, Federal University Teaching Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria","Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, Federal University Teaching Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800437794","https://openalex.org/I4405284157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800437794"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127786424","display_name":"Mohamed Hsairi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108714496","display_name":"Tunis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1spa57","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386600","display_name":"Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine de Tunis","ror":"https://ror.org/03pyhhg10","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386600","https://openalex.org/I63596082"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Hsairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496","https://openalex.org/I4403386600","https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003191532","display_name":"Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-8397","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-8397"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181631907","display_name":"University of Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/03wx2rr30","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089500114","display_name":"Paul Chukwudi Ikwegbue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-1990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-1990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Chukwudi Ikwegbue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000076741","display_name":"Mustapha Immurana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-7566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-7566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254651091","display_name":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/054tfvs49","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustapha Immurana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045454043","display_name":"Faisal Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4577-4598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4577-4598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401200284","display_name":"Tobruk University","ror":"https://ror.org/017mqhz69","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401200284"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Laboratory Department, Tobruk University, Tobruk, Libya","Department of Blood Transmitted Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tobruk, Libya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Laboratory Department, Tobruk University, Tobruk, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401200284"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Blood Transmitted Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tobruk, Libya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5142562940","display_name":"Chidozie Declan Iwu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chidozie Declan Iwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042995322","display_name":"Alelign Tasew Jema","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283442259","display_name":"Madda Walabu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zte5g15","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283442259"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alelign Tasew Jema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283442259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054110813","display_name":"Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-3826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-3826"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153337","display_name":"Thomas Adewumi University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xtszd26","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258555","display_name":"Cephas Health Research Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/00wrsjp90","country_code":"NG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258555"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Thomas Adewumi University, Oko, Nigeria","Office of the Executive Director, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ibadan, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Thomas Adewumi University, Oko, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the Executive Director, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044831959","display_name":"Basira Kankia Lawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1975-0648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1975-0648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basira Kankia Lawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094106177","display_name":"Tesfahun Mekene Meto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42869670","display_name":"Arba Minch University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ssp9h11","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42869670"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tesfahun Mekene Meto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42869670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031038818","display_name":"Hadush Negash Meles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-1766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-1766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132429795","display_name":"Adigrat University","ror":"https://ror.org/0034mdn74","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132429795"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadush Negash Meles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132429795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053807984","display_name":"Endalkachew Worku Mengesha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-5513","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-5513"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Endalkachew Worku Mengesha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151736069","display_name":"Ahmed Ismail Mohamed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1443707","display_name":"Jimma University","ror":"https://ror.org/05eer8g02","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1443707"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I246527472","display_name":"University of Hargeisa","ror":"https://ror.org/023tegq12","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]}],"countries":["ET","SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Ismail Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health Science, University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somalia","Institute of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health Science, University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1443707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127814722","display_name":"Jama Mohamed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I246527472","display_name":"University of Hargeisa","ror":"https://ror.org/023tegq12","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jama Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Applied and Natural Science, University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somalia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Applied and Natural Science, University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080829839","display_name":"Nouh Saad Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-3361","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-3361"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nouh Saad Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan","Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050211274","display_name":"Shafiu Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-966X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-966X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12789410","display_name":"Ahmadu Bello University","ror":"https://ror.org/019apvn83","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263306","display_name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health","ror":"https://ror.org/052rvyy58","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802164966","https://openalex.org/I4405263306"]}],"countries":["DE","NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shafiu Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria","Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I4405263306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017605799","display_name":"Rawlance Ndejjo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9263-557X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9263-557X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rawlance Ndejjo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011324675","display_name":"Amanuel Tebabal Nega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-0310","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-0310"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanuel Tebabal Nega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025677569","display_name":"Chakib Nejjari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-8507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-8507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139255","display_name":"Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9x8b85","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chakib Nejjari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fes, Fez, Morocco","Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dentistry, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fes, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dentistry, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016278730","display_name":"Chukwudi A Nnaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4132-1922","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4132-1922"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chukwudi A Nnaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","Technical Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040232339","display_name":"Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-686X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-686X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143038818","display_name":"Ismail A Odetokun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134542131","display_name":"University of Ilorin","ror":"https://ror.org/032kdwk38","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail A Odetokun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014833446","display_name":"Akinyemi O D Ofakunrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4286-4005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4286-4005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161374704","display_name":"University of Jos","ror":"https://ror.org/009kx9832","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149308","display_name":"Jos University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/042vvex07","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149308"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akinyemi O D Ofakunrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria","Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041948298","display_name":"Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-3382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-3382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health Systems & Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health Systems & Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053515591","display_name":"Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-4934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-4934"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181631907","display_name":"University of Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/03wx2rr30","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}],"countries":["KR","NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087612178","display_name":"Hany A. Omar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-8149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-8149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113643904","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hany A Omar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt","Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078130891","display_name":"Abidemi E. Emmanuel Omonisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4281-0290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4281-0290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13144388","display_name":"Ekiti State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4zkr79","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13144388"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abidemi E Omonisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria","Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13144388"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13144388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025193151","display_name":"Maureene Auma Ondayo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-2562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-2562"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22607950","display_name":"University of Eldoret","ror":"https://ror.org/010crp378","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22607950"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maureene Auma Ondayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Biology and Health, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya","Department of Environmental Health and Biology, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Biology and Health, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22607950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health and Biology, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22607950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127808188","display_name":"Obinna E Onwujekwe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Obinna E Onwujekwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031904244","display_name":"Mayowa Ojo Owolabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-3070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-3070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181631907","display_name":"University of Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/03wx2rr30","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800598127","display_name":"University College Hospital, Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/022yvqh08","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800598127"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayowa O Owolabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800598127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151742495","display_name":"Oyetunde T Oyeyemi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155186","display_name":"University of Medical Sciences, Ondo","ror":"https://ror.org/00q898q52","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155186"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oyetunde T Oyeyemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052903220","display_name":"Nasiru Raheem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-5066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-5066"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasiru Raheem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital, Yola, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital, Yola, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027796660","display_name":"Elrashdy M Moustafa Mohamed Redwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-0075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-0075"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elrashdy M. Redwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Egypt","Department of Protein Research, Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Protein Research, Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127785125","display_name":"Mohamed A Saleh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071463060","display_name":"Aminu Shittu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0118-9517","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0118-9517"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55202024","display_name":"Usmanu Danfodiyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/006er0w72","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55202024"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aminu Shittu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55202024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059066418","display_name":"Emmanuel Edwar Siddig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6314-7374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6314-7374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150406212","display_name":"University of Khartoum","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbayz55","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150406212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL","SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Edwar Siddig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands","Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150406212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127817274","display_name":"Iman M Talaat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["AE","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman M Talaat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","Department of Pathology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122106319","display_name":"Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa","Department of Medicine, Northlands Medical Group, Omuthiya, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Northlands Medical Group, Omuthiya, Namibia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015515578","display_name":"Birhan Tsegaw Taye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-3797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-3797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282700336","display_name":"Debre Berhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e72vw61","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282700336"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Birhan Tsegaw Taye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nursing and Midwifery, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282700336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046571176","display_name":"Dufera Rikitu Terefa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7064-7163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7064-7163"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I301615471","display_name":"Wollega University","ror":"https://ror.org/00316zc91","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I301615471"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dufera Rikitu Terefa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia","Outpatient Department, Wollega University, Bedele Town, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I301615471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Outpatient Department, Wollega University, Bedele Town, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I301615471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092170954","display_name":"Wegen Beyene Tesfamariam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-3452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-3452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74813324","display_name":"Mekelle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bpyvy69","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74813324"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wegen Beyene Tesfamariam","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74813324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024502726","display_name":"Musliu Adetola Tolani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-9744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-9744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12789410","display_name":"Ahmadu Bello University","ror":"https://ror.org/019apvn83","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musliu Adetola Tolani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007459747","display_name":"Aniefiok John Udoakang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-5508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-5508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155186","display_name":"University of Medical Sciences, Ondo","ror":"https://ror.org/00q898q52","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155186"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aniefiok John Udoakang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109481077","display_name":"Shehu Salihu Umar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12789410","display_name":"Ahmadu Bello University","ror":"https://ror.org/019apvn83","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shehu Salihu Umar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria","Department of Oncology, Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051025570","display_name":"Gizachew Tadesse Wassie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6213-0191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6213-0191"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gizachew Tadesse Wassie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050943047","display_name":"Zwanden Sule Yahaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-8787","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-8787"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zwanden Sule Yahaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008673394","display_name":"Subah Abderehim Yesuf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1974-913X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1974-913X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159389","display_name":"St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04ax47y98","country_code":"ET","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159389"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subah Abderehim Yesuf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","Family Medicine Department, St. Peter's Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Family Medicine Department, St. Peter's Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141186006","display_name":"Mohammed G M Zeariya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088963","display_name":"University of Ha'il","ror":"https://ror.org/013w98a82","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed G M Zeariya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia","Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151778653","display_name":"Abdulaziz Mohammed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103980","display_name":"Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/01d9dbd65","country_code":"ET","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103980","https://openalex.org/I4210111918"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulaziz Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151736883","display_name":"Ali H Mokdad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3143470655","display_name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","ror":"https://ror.org/02684h094","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3143470655"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali H Mokdad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I3143470655"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103825385","display_name":"Awoke Temesgen Misganaw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098092","display_name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xytbp33","country_code":"ET","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098092"]}],"countries":["ET","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awoke T Misganaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":21,"institutions_distinct_count":81,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053229273"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117424"],"apc_list":{"value":7280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":7280},"apc_paid":{"value":7280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":7280},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6650676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"10","first_page":"1314","last_page":"1340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12708","display_name":"Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13123","display_name":"Advances in Oncology and Radiotherapy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-burden","display_name":"cancer burden","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-incidence","display_name":"cancer incidence","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-mortality","display_name":"cancer mortality","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/years-of-life-lost","display_name":"years of life lost","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-adjusted-life-years","display_name":"disability-adjusted life years","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/years-lived-with-disability","display_name":"years lived with disability","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-risk-factors","display_name":"cancer risk factors","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-melanoma-skin-cancer","display_name":"non-melanoma skin cancer","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-surveillance","display_name":"cancer surveillance","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-control-policy","display_name":"cancer control policy","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-burden-of-disease-study-2023","display_name":"Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","score":0.8199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7811999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5501999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020448403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282120","display_name":"Burden of disease","level":3,"score":0.5328999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780664029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282120","display_name":"Disease burden","level":3,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46578552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725393","display_name":"Global health","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071219","descriptor_name":"Global Burden of Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000087509","descriptor_name":"Disability-Adjusted Life Years","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116900674","display_name":"The Lancet Oncology","issn_l":"1470-2045","issn":["1470-2045","1474-5488"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13619546","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13619546/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/13619546/bin/mmc1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lancet Oncol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42743938","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet. Oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(26)00291-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116900674","display_name":"The Lancet Oncology","issn_l":"1470-2045","issn":["1470-2045","1474-5488"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310847","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313900","display_name":"National Defense Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02e4qbj88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315116","display_name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","ror":"https://ror.org/02684h094"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315638","display_name":"Houston Methodist Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/027zt9171"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315988","display_name":"Aksum University","ror":"https://ror.org/003659f07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317042","display_name":"Ahmadu Bello University","ror":"https://ror.org/019apvn83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317165","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317368","display_name":"Wollega University","ror":"https://ror.org/00316zc91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320692","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320965","display_name":"University of New South Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321119","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321292","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321373","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322663","display_name":"Universiteit Stellenbosch","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322934","display_name":"Haramaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/059yk7s89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322942","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323098","display_name":"Jimma University","ror":"https://ror.org/05eer8g02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323473","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324156","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324164","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324798","display_name":"Tanta University","ror":"https://ror.org/016jp5b92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324956","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325395","display_name":"University of Hail","ror":"https://ror.org/013w98a82"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325716","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325740","display_name":"Mekelle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bpyvy69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326056","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326202","display_name":"University Of Nigeria Nsukka","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329146","display_name":"Adama Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ccba128"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330007","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330845","display_name":"Ekiti State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4zkr79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331136","display_name":"Madda Walabu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zte5g15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331477","display_name":"Dilla University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ahz4692"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331550","display_name":"Adigrat University","ror":"https://ror.org/0034mdn74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331583","display_name":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/054tfvs49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331587","display_name":"Debre Tabor University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzfxf13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332167","display_name":"Directorate for Biological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/001xhss06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333405","display_name":"School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337400","display_name":"Division of Environmental Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/03g87he71"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1877917243","https://openalex.org/W1935362880","https://openalex.org/W2130233101","https://openalex.org/W2134201306","https://openalex.org/W2209941301","https://openalex.org/W2462161029","https://openalex.org/W2893337196","https://openalex.org/W2897257410","https://openalex.org/W2899112623","https://openalex.org/W3013503990","https://openalex.org/W3165720345","https://openalex.org/W3173310472","https://openalex.org/W3211488171","https://openalex.org/W4200359149","https://openalex.org/W4229439346","https://openalex.org/W4229446553","https://openalex.org/W4317402191","https://openalex.org/W4367320760","https://openalex.org/W4392663706","https://openalex.org/W4394894573","https://openalex.org/W4396946025","https://openalex.org/W4399395133","https://openalex.org/W4402966386","https://openalex.org/W4404908948","https://openalex.org/W4407946828","https://openalex.org/W4414272688","https://openalex.org/W4415091769","https://openalex.org/W4415092555","https://openalex.org/W7140171720","https://openalex.org/W7148601706","https://openalex.org/W7212012213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7212012213","https://openalex.org/W7154613348","https://openalex.org/W4414522592","https://openalex.org/W4229446553","https://openalex.org/W7170184796","https://openalex.org/W4411241151","https://openalex.org/W4224865622","https://openalex.org/W7164131960","https://openalex.org/W7223065181","https://openalex.org/W7164369627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Cancer":[1,432],"remains":[2],"a":[3,12,70,434],"leading":[4,339],"cause":[5],"of":[6,36,49,98,115,129,138,225,264,270,321,346,380,386,403,471],"death":[7],"and":[8,27,39,66,79,95,142,152,155,159,182,212,220,239,267,277,282,313,332,334,370,383,394,419,426,447,453,461,478,491,497,505],"disability":[9,135],"worldwide,":[10],"with":[11,134,174,311,443,494],"disproportionately":[13,449],"rising":[14,444],"burden":[15,48,102,117,440,486],"across":[16,53,108,171,217,274],"Africa.":[17],"Effective":[18],"policy":[19],"responses":[20],"have":[21],"been":[22],"consistently":[23],"hampered":[24],"by":[25,148,290],"fragmented":[26],"incomplete":[28],"cancer":[29,51,99,116,245,272,300,355,405],"surveillance":[30],"data.":[31],"Using":[32],"the":[33,47,59,123,169,180,252,338,438,469,472,479],"Global":[34],"Burden":[35],"Diseases,":[37],"Injuries,":[38],"Risk":[40],"Factors":[41],"Study":[42],"(GBD)":[43],"2023,":[44,187,259,283,298],"we":[45],"estimated":[46,196],"48":[50],"types":[52],"all":[54,109,218,275,322,347],"54":[55,110,371],"African":[56,111,480],"countries":[57],"over":[58],"period":[60],"1990":[61,281],"to":[62,74,92,119,231,251,261,286,437,468],"2023.":[63,353,390],"These":[64],"age-disaggregated":[65],"sex-disaggregated":[67],"findings":[68],"provide":[69],"crucial":[71],"empirical":[72],"foundation":[73],"inform":[75],"regional":[76],"control":[77],"strategies":[78,500],"monitor":[80],"progress":[81],"towards":[82],"global":[83,381,387],"health":[84],"targets.":[85],"METHODS:":[86],"We":[87],"applied":[88],"GBD":[89,258],"2023":[90,248],"methodology":[91],"estimate":[93],"fatal":[94],"non-fatal":[96],"outcomes":[97],"alongside":[100],"risk-attributable":[101],"from":[103,179],"88":[104,253],"modifiable":[105],"risk":[106,120,125,254,287],"factors,":[107],"countries.":[112],"The":[113,456],"estimation":[114],"attributable":[118,230,250,285],"factors":[121,255,288],"followed":[122],"comparative":[124],"assessment":[126],"framework.":[127],"Estimates":[128],"incidence,":[130],"mortality,":[131],"years":[132,137,415,425],"lived":[133],"(YLDs),":[136],"life":[139],"lost":[140],"(YLLs),":[141],"disability-adjusted":[143],"life-years":[144],"(DALYs)":[145],"were":[146,229,249,337],"stratified":[147],"age,":[149],"sex,":[150],"location,":[151],"year":[153],"(1990-2023)":[154],"reported":[156],"as":[157],"counts":[158],"age-standardised":[160,459],"rates":[161,463],"per":[162],"100":[163],"000":[164,206,241,306,364],"population.":[165],"Mean":[166],"estimates":[167],"represent":[168],"mean":[170],"250":[172],"draws,":[173],"95%":[175],"uncertainty":[176,200],"intervals":[177],"calculated":[178],"2\u00b75th":[181],"97\u00b75th":[183],"percentiles.":[184],"FINDINGS:":[185],"In":[186,233,297,326],"cancer,":[188,192],"including":[189],"non-melanoma":[190],"skin":[191],"accounted":[193,361],"for":[194,293,318,343,362,476],"an":[195],"1\u00b754":[197],"million":[198,214,236],"(95%":[199],"interval":[201],"1\u00b737-1\u00b775)":[202],"incident":[203,299,324,368],"cases,":[204,445],"923":[205],"(824":[207],"000-1":[208,308],"020":[209],"000)":[210,244,367],"deaths,":[211,376,446],"33\u00b79":[213],"(30\u00b76-37\u00b71)":[215],"DALYs":[216,238,266,406,448],"ages":[219,276],"both":[221,278,294],"sexes":[222,295],"in":[223,247,257,302,350,352,359,389,392,407,410,421,441,458,465],"Africa,":[224,234,408,442],"which":[226],"98\u00b72%":[227],"(97\u00b79-98\u00b73)":[228],"YLLs.":[232],"10\u00b77":[235],"(8\u00b79-12\u00b79)":[237],"306":[240],"(254":[242],"000-363":[243],"deaths":[246,273,284,388],"assessed":[256],"equivalent":[260],"31\u00b76%":[262],"(26\u00b78-35\u00b79)":[263],"total":[265,271,404],"33\u00b71%":[268],"(28\u00b77-37\u00b72)":[269],"sexes.":[279],"Between":[280],"increased":[289],"216\u00b70%":[291],"(159\u00b73-284\u00b75)":[292],"combined.":[296],"cases":[301,369],"females":[303],"numbered":[304],"960":[305],"(821":[307],"130":[309],"000),":[310],"breast":[312],"cervical":[314],"cancers":[315,336,349],"together":[316,341],"accounting":[317,342],"53\u00b75%":[319],"(44\u00b77-62\u00b72)":[320],"female":[323],"cases.":[325],"males,":[327],"prostate,":[328],"liver,":[329],"tracheal,":[330],"bronchus":[331],"lung,":[333],"colorectal":[335],"types,":[340],"44\u00b78%":[344,417],"(36\u00b72-54\u00b73)":[345],"male":[348],"Africa":[351,360],"Childhood":[354],"(ages":[356,397],"0-19":[357],"years)":[358,399],"104":[363],"(84":[365],"600-130":[366],"700":[372],"(47":[373],"500-64":[374],"500)":[375],"representing":[377],"27\u00b77%":[378],"(26\u00b76-29\u00b74)":[379],"incidence":[382],"38\u00b70%":[384],"(36\u00b73-40\u00b70)":[385],"Cancers":[391],"adolescents":[393],"young":[395,454],"adults":[396,412,422],"15-39":[398],"contributed":[400,416,428],"26\u00b76%":[401],"(26\u00b74-27\u00b75)":[402],"those":[409,420],"older":[411,427],"aged":[413,423],"40-64":[414],"(43\u00b78-45\u00b76),":[418],"65":[424],"18\u00b73%":[429],"(17\u00b74-19\u00b71).":[430],"INTERPRETATION:":[431],"is":[433],"growing":[435],"contributor":[436],"disease":[439],"affecting":[450],"children,":[451],"adolescents,":[452],"adults.":[455],"increase":[457],"mortality":[460],"DALY":[462],"stands":[464],"sharp":[466],"contrast":[467],"ambitions":[470],"Sustainable":[473],"Development":[474],"Goals":[475],"2030":[477],"Union":[481],"Agenda":[482],"2063.":[483],"Addressing":[484],"this":[485],"will":[487],"require":[488],"coordinated":[489],"national":[490],"international":[492],"action,":[493],"health-system":[495],"strengthening":[496],"context-specific":[498],"cancer-control":[499],"spanning":[501],"prevention,":[502],"early":[503],"diagnosis,":[504],"treatment.":[506],"FUNDING:":[507],"Gates":[508],"Foundation.":[509]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00"}