{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7213266267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","title":"Clinical integration and utilization patterns of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fixed lingual retainers: A national survey of orthodontists","display_name":"Clinical integration and utilization patterns of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fixed lingual retainers: A national survey of orthodontists","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7213266267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42852433","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13649192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201441","display_name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","issn_l":"2278-0203","issn":["2278-0203","2278-1897"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077473850","display_name":"Hiba M. Alkhateeb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiba M. Alkhateeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041327076","display_name":"Ali M. Al-Attar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-6089","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-6089"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254227","display_name":"Al-Esraa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jfp4b04","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254227"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali M. Al-Attar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041327076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254227"],"apc_list":{"value":400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":400},"apc_paid":{"value":400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":400},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66805602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"23","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":0.053700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13457","display_name":"Dental Education, Practice, Research","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad-cam","display_name":"CAD/CAM","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontists","display_name":"orthodontists","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-adoption","display_name":"technology adoption","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practice-patterns","display_name":"clinical practice patterns","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontic-retention","display_name":"orthodontic retention","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-practice","display_name":"private practice","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuing-education","display_name":"continuing education","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-orthodontic-workflow","display_name":"digital orthodontic workflow","score":0.7570000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127808970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385989","display_name":"Bonferroni correction","level":2,"score":0.7644000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4943000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992394448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246234","display_name":"Private practice","level":2,"score":0.4618000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160710788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457633","display_name":"Friedman test","level":3,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201441","display_name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","issn_l":"2278-0203","issn":["2278-0203","2278-1897"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42852433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42852433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of orthodontic science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13649192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13649192/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Orthod Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:805ac7dcdf6944e68139310907677bcb","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/805ac7dcdf6944e68139310907677bcb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 23-23 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_199_25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201441","display_name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","issn_l":"2278-0203","issn":["2278-0203","2278-1897"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973902957","https://openalex.org/W2476499859","https://openalex.org/W2745820314","https://openalex.org/W2765624195","https://openalex.org/W2954856312","https://openalex.org/W2966586074","https://openalex.org/W3021604142","https://openalex.org/W3024134251","https://openalex.org/W3081873346","https://openalex.org/W3093854279","https://openalex.org/W3169160867","https://openalex.org/W3184656996","https://openalex.org/W4210988942","https://openalex.org/W4224106073","https://openalex.org/W4224225610","https://openalex.org/W4255240407","https://openalex.org/W4283025167","https://openalex.org/W4291291757","https://openalex.org/W4323662665","https://openalex.org/W4382345008","https://openalex.org/W4384816824","https://openalex.org/W4386027292","https://openalex.org/W4387568901","https://openalex.org/W4389521991","https://openalex.org/W4389607712","https://openalex.org/W4392091879","https://openalex.org/W4393258809","https://openalex.org/W4395081420","https://openalex.org/W4402028105","https://openalex.org/W4402768325","https://openalex.org/W4403439341","https://openalex.org/W4403670923","https://openalex.org/W4407275952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403541202","https://openalex.org/W7220423415","https://openalex.org/W4399327704","https://openalex.org/W3093854279","https://openalex.org/W4291291757","https://openalex.org/W3215762464","https://openalex.org/W3044186473","https://openalex.org/W4390531300","https://openalex.org/W4362558038","https://openalex.org/W4384816824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CONTEXT:":[0],"Although":[1],"the":[2,23,102,137,166],"clinical":[3,39,57,80,112,145,205],"use":[4,84,116],"of":[5,41,65,93,136,169,175],"computer-aided":[6],"design/computer-aided":[7],"manufacturing":[8],"(CAD/CAM)-fabricated":[9],"fixed":[10,46],"lingual":[11,47],"retainers":[12,48,142],"has":[13],"increased":[14],"globally,":[15],"evidence":[16],"about":[17],"their":[18,56],"adoption":[19],"among":[20],"orthodontists":[21,43,104,177],"in":[22,162,196],"Middle":[24],"East":[25],"remains":[26,185],"limited.":[27,186],"AIMS:":[28],"This":[29],"study":[30],"aimed":[31],"to":[32,76,101,108],"evaluate":[33],"current":[34],"knowledge":[35],"levels,":[36],"attitudes,":[37],"and":[38,82,85,114,117,124,191],"practices":[40],"Iraqi":[42,103,176],"regarding":[44],"CAD/CAM":[45,83,115,141,153,170,179],"and,":[49],"which":[50],"demographic":[51],"or":[52],"professional":[53],"factors":[54],"influence":[55],"use.":[58],"SETTINGS":[59],"AND":[60,88],"DESIGN:":[61],"Over":[62,90],"a":[63,68,91,96],"period":[64,92],"3":[66,94],"months,":[67,95],"25-item":[69,97],"questionnaire":[70,98],"was":[71,99],"distributed":[72,100],"via":[73,105],"Google":[74,106],"Forms":[75,107],"collect":[77,109],"data":[78,110],"on":[79,111],"preferences":[81,113],"awareness.":[86,118],"METHODS":[87],"MATERIALS:":[89],"STATISTICAL":[119],"ANALYSIS":[120],"USED:":[121],"Descriptive":[122],"statistics":[123],"Chi-square":[125],"test":[126],"with":[127,158],"Bonferroni":[128,148],"correction":[129,149],"for":[130,150,178,203],"multiple":[131,151],"comparisons.":[132],"RESULTS:":[133],"Only":[134],"12.6%":[135],"participants":[138],"had":[139],"incorporated":[140],"into":[143],"routine":[144],"work.":[146],"After":[147],"comparisons,":[152],"implementation":[154],"remained":[155],"significantly":[156],"associated":[157],"practice":[159,164],"setting.":[160],"Orthodontists":[161],"private":[163],"were":[165],"primary":[167],"adopters":[168],"technology.":[171],"CONCLUSION:":[172],"The":[173],"preference":[174],"retention":[180],"technology":[181],"over":[182],"conventional":[183],"procedures":[184],"Expanding":[187],"continuing":[188],"education":[189],"initiatives":[190],"including":[192],"digital":[193],"workflows":[194],"training":[195],"postgraduate":[197],"orthodontic":[198],"programs":[199],"may":[200],"have":[201],"potential":[202],"broader":[204],"implementation.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00"}